advoc language, gensr in sport Flashcards
(adj) helping to cause something
involving payments from the people who will benefit
contributivo, contribuyente
contributory
- Alcohol is a contributory factor in 10% of all road accidents.
- a contributory pension scheme/plan (= paid for by both employers and employees)
(n) a brother or sister
sibling
- sibling rivalry (= competition between brothers and sisters)
- The younger children were badly treated by older siblings.
- squabbles between siblings
(adj)treating other people, especially women, unfairly because of their sex or making offensive remarks about them
sexista
sexist
- a sexist attitude
- sexist language
(v) to put people or things into groups according to what type they are
categorizar, clasificar, describir, definir,
categorise
- Participants were categorized according to age.
- His latest work cannot be categorized as either a novel or an autobiography.
(adv)suddenly, without you intending it or being able to control it
without the person concerned wanting it to happen
involuntario
involuntarily
- He was involuntarily committed for psychiatric treatment
- She shuddered involuntarily.
(v)done in an open way and not secretly
publico, de publico conocimiento
overt
- There was little overt support for the project.
- an overt display of affection
(n) viaje, vuelta, paseo, deseo, impulso, rebaño, arreo, impulso, instinto, aceleración, sprint, ofensiva, avance, campaña, energia, fuerza, correa de transmisión, marcha, entrada
drive
- She has a strong forehand drive (= in tennis).
- He scored with a brilliant 25-yard drive.
- a recruitment/export/economy drive
- a drive through the mountains
- a strong sexual drive
- a 750GB hard drive
- a CD drive
(n) atracción, principal atractivo.
attraction
- She felt an immediate attraction for him.
- Sexual attraction is a large part of falling in love.
- She is the star attraction of the show.
- And there’s the added attraction of free champagne on all flights.
(adj)developing from or being strongly influenced by something
(Australian English, slang) extremely tired
(Australian English, slang) too old or broken to use
aceptado, arraigado, enraizado
rooted
-His problems are deeply rooted in his childhood experiences.
(n) an idea suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning
connotacion
connotations
- The word ‘professional’ has connotations of skill and excellence.
- negative connotations
(nph) adulto maduro
mature adult
(n) genero, ssexo
gender
- issues of class, race and gender
- traditional concepts of gender
(vph)
stand out
(vph)
impose restrictions on sth
(n)) a female flight attendant
a woman whose job is to take care of the passengers on a ship or train
stewardess
(adj) accepting what happens or what people do without trying to change anything or oppose them
pasivo, parado
passive
-He played a passive role in the relationship.
(n) a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business
collega, compañero
colleague
- We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.
- the Prime Minister and his Cabinet colleagues
- a colleague of mine from the office
(v) to write things for a newspaper, magazine, or a radio or television programme; to speak during a meeting or conversation, especially to give your opinion
donar, contribuir, aportar, ser responsable de, tener parte en
contribute
- He contributes regularly to the magazine ‘New Scientist’.
- We hope everyone will contribute to the discussion.
- Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.
(n)an action or a service that helps to cause or increase something.
a sum of money that is given to a person or an organization in order to help pay for something.
a sum of money that you pay regularly to your employer or the government in order to pay for benefits such as health insurance, a pension, etc
an item that forms part of a book, magazine, broadcast, discussion, etc
contribución, aportación, donativo, donación
contribution
- a substantial contribution
- All contributions will be gratefully received.
- All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday.
- monthly contributions to the pension scheme
- National Insurance contributions
- an important contribution to the debate
(v) (formal) (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular opinion about something
considerar como
ver como, juzgar, estimar
deem
- The evening was deemed a great success.
- I deem it an honour to be invited.
- She deemed it prudent not to say anything.
(v) to do something or try to achieve something over a period of time
to continue to discuss, find out about or be involved in something.
to follow or chase somebody/something, especially in order to catch them
perseguir, seguir, continuar, dedicarse a, proseguir
pursue
- We intend to pursue this policy with determination.
- to pursue legal action
- We have decided not to pursue the matter
- She left the theatre, hotly pursued by the press.
(adv) more than anything else; also used to talk about the most important reason for something
in most cases; used to talk about the largest part of a group of people or things
principalmente
mainly
-The population almost doubles in summer, mainly because of the jazz festival.
-During the day it’ll become mainly dry with clear skies.
-Anorexia is an illness that occurs mainly in adolescents.
The people in the hotel were mainly foreign tourists.
(n)made by people; not natural
artificial
man-made
- a man-made lake
- man-made fibres such as nylon and polyester
(n)responsabilidad
responsibility
- Nobody has claimed responsibility for the bombing.
- We must all bear some responsibility for what happened.
(adj)seductor, fascinante, atractivo, guapo, tentador
attractive
- an attractive woman
- They are able to offer attractive career opportunities to graduates.
- That’s one of the less attractive aspects of her personality.
(vph)
have an enormous impact on sth
(v) to become stronger; to make somebody/something stronger
fortalecer, fortificar, robustecer, reforzar
strengthen
- Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.
- Yesterday the pound strengthened against the dollar.
(n)the state of accepting what happens without reacting or trying to fight against it
pasividad, apatia, impasibilidad
passivity
(n) the behaviour of a person when they feel that they are more important than other people, so that they are rude to them or do not consider them
arrogancia, prepotencia
arrogance
-He has a reputation for rudeness and intellectual arrogance.
(n) a person, especially a woman, who is trained to help women give birth to babies
matrona, comadrona, partera
factor clve
midwife
doula NA
(n) a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement.
an interest in one thing more than others; a special ability-
the fact that the results of research or an experiment are not accurate because a particular factor has not been considered when collecting the information.
of a piece of cloth is an edge cut diagonally across the threads
preferencia, inclinación, prejuicio contra, tendencia, sesgo,
bias
- The skirt is cut on the bias.
- The course has a strong practical bias.
- Leila had a marked scientific bias.
(vph)
stand by
(adj) (formal) having the necessary strength, courage and ability to deal with something successfully
the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as something else
mismo, igual,equitativo, parejo
equal
- There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.
- two pieces of wood equal in length/of equal length
- I hope that he proves equal to the challenge.
- The company has an equal opportunities policy (= gives the same chances of employment to everyone).
(adj) neutral
neutral
(adj) not enough; not good enough.
not able, or not confident enough, to deal with a situation
deficiente, inadecuado, inepto, incompetente, inapropiado
inadequate
- inadequate supplies
- I felt totally inadequate as a parent.
(n) the part of your mind that contains feelings that you are not aware of
subconsciente
subconscious
Guilt made her try to bury the memory deep in her subconscious.
(v) to take part in or become involved in an activity
participar, colaborar, contribuir
participate
- She didn’t participate in the discussion.
- We encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college.
- Details of the competition are available at all participating stores.
(vph)
take responsibility for yourself
(n)a thing that is very easy to do or cheap to buy.
a natural ability.
a thing that you give to somebody, especially on a special occasion or to say thank you.
gift
- Their second goal was an absolute gift.
- At £500 it’s a gift.
- She can pick up a tune instantly on the piano. It’s a gift.
- Thank you for your generous gift.
- a free gift for every reader
(n) the act of making something such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time the perpetuation of
perpetuacion, perdurabilidad
perpetuation
-classic stereotypes of women
(n)people in general.the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine.
the quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary
the quality of being humane.
the subjects of study that are concerned with the way people think and behave, for example literature, language, history and philosophy
humanidad, raza humana
humanity
- The story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus.
- united by a sense of common humanity
- crimes against humanity
(nph)
future life chances
(adj) too willing to accept somebody else’s authority and willing to obey them without questioning anything they want you to do
sumisivo, obediente, pasivo
submissive
- He expected his daughters to be meek and submissive.
- She followed him like a submissive child.
(adj) enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need
aadecuado, valido
adequate
- an adequate supply of hot water
- The room was small but adequate.
(v) to recognize that there is a difference between people or things; to show a difference between people or things.
to treat one person or group worse/better than another in an unfair way
distinguir, discriminar, prejuzgar, diferenciar
discriminate
- When do babies learn to discriminate voices?
- practices that discriminate against women and in favour of men
(adj) having a tendency to show favour towards or against one group of people or one opinion for personal reasons;
having a particular interest in one thing more than others a school
parcial, partidista, prejuiciado
biased
- making unfair judgements biased information/sources/press reports
- a biased jury/witness
- biased towards music and art
(n) agresión, hostilidad, ofensiva, ataque,
aggression
- The research shows that computer games may cause aggression.
- Nowadays our aggression is channelled into sports.
- unprovoked military aggression
(n) the number of times that an amount is to be multiplied by itself.
a good or evil spirit that controls the lives of others.
fuerzas, facultades, habilidades, carga, potencia, energia, luz, electricidad, energia electrica, derecho, facultad, aumento,
power
- That lens has a power of 10x.
- I will do everything in my power to help you.
- At 26, he is at the height of his powers and ranked fourth in the world.
- They are hoping to return to power.
- world powers
(vph) prestar atención a
pay attention to
(nph) azafate de vuelo
flight attendant
(n)the act of giving a lot of time and attention to something
a romantic or sexual relationship with somebody that you are not married to
participacion implicaicon
involvement
- you care about her growing involvement with contemporary music
- He spoke openly about his involvement with the singer.
(v) to think about something carefully, especially in order to make a decision.
to think of somebody/something in a particular way.
to think about something, especially the feelings of other people, and be influenced by it when making a decision, etc.
to look carefully at somebody/something
considerar, tener en cuenta, tomar en cuenta
consider
- I’d like some time to consider.
- This award is considered (to be) a great honour.
- These workers are considered (as) a high-risk group.
- You should consider other people before you act.
- He stood there, considering the painting.
(n) an attractive quality of movement that is smooth, elegant and controlled.
extra time that is given to somebody to enable them to pay a bill, finish a piece of work, etc.
gracia, elegancia, excelencia, eminenci, bendecir la mesa
grace
- They’ve given me a month’s grace to get the money.
- He was not particularly well versed in the social graces.
- She moves with the natural grace of a ballerina.
(vph)
be concerned about sth
(n)a fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of person or thing, but which is often not true in reality
estereotipo
stereotype
- cultural/gender/racial stereotypes
- He doesn’t conform to the usual stereotype of the businessman with a dark suit and briefcase.
(n)the quality of being too willing to accept somebody else’s authority and willing to obey them without questioning anything they want you to do
sumision, obedencia, docilidad
submissiveness
(adj) dominado, controlado, predominado
dominated
(vph)
do sth in a derogatory way
(adj)that offends or upsets people; that is morally wrong
very bad
estremecido, traumatico, impactante, escandaloso, ofensivo, chocante
shocking
- shocking behaviour
- shocking news
- The house was left in a shocking state.
(vph) ser tratado como
be treated as
(adj) angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack.
acting with force and determination in order to succeed
agresivo, beligerante, hostil
aggressive
- He gets aggressive when he’s drunk.
- an aggressive advertising campaign
(n) the quality of being pleasant to look at or experience
the quality of seeming interesting or worth having.
atractivo, belleza,
attractiveness
- her physical attractiveness
- the attractiveness of travelling abroad
(n)the state or quality of being pure
purity
- The purity of the water is tested regularly.
- spiritual purity
(n)something that causes problems and tends to stop somebody/something from succeeding or making progress
desventaja, incoveniente, obstaculo,.
disadvantage
- I was at a disadvantage compared to the younger members of the team.
- The fact that he didn’t speak a foreign language put him at a distinct disadvantage.
- I hope my lack of experience won’t be to my disadvantage.
(vph)
be deeply rooted in the subconscious
(v) to make something whole or perfect
terminar, finalizar, acabar, lennar
complete
- I only need one more card to complete the set.
- She’s just completed a master’s degree in Law.
(n) the fact of being equal in rights, status, advantages, etc
igualdad
equality
- racial/social/sexual equality
- equality of opportunity
- the principle of equality before the law (= the law treats everyone the same)
- Don’t you believe in equality between men and women?
(n)all humans, thought about as one large group
humanidad, raza humana, especie humana
mankind
- the human race the history of mankind
- an invention for the good of all mankind
- The future of mankind is at stake.
(n) a group of people or things with particular features in common
clase, categoria, genero, tipo
category
- Students over 25 fall into a different category.
- The results can be divided into three main categories.
(v)suponer, significar, implicar
involve
- His confession involved a number of other politicians in the affair.
- There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.
- How many vehicles were involved in the crash?
- The job involves my travelling all over the country
(adj) behaving in a proud, unpleasant way, showing little thought for other people
arrogante, creido
arrogant
(adj)complete and total
concerned with increasing knowledge of the subject rather than with using knowledge in practical ways
puro
pure
- They met by pure chance.
- She laughed with pure joy.
- pure mathematics
- technology as opposed to pure science subjects
(adj) trying very hard to be better than others
competitivo
competitive
- competitive games/sports
- We need to work harder to remain competitive with other companies.
- You have to be highly competitive to do well in sport these days.
(n) the fact of people or organizations competing against each other
the fact of being as good as or better than others
the fact of trying very hard to be better than others
competitvidad, competencia
competitiveness
- professions involving a higher degree of competitiveness such as marketing and business administration
- the competitiveness of British industry
- the ongoing competitiveness between the two companies
(vph)
stand up for
(n)humanidad, seres humanos, raza humana, genero humano
humankind
(adj)complicated and difficult to understand
having a close personal relationship with somebody
giving a lot of time or attention to somebody/something
involucrado, estar saliendo, enredado, interesado, concentrado.
involved
- He’s a very involved father
- an involved plot
- They’re not romantically involved.
- I was so involved in my book I didn’t hear you knock.
(adj) worried and feeling concern about something
interested in something
preocupado, interesado
concerned
- They were more concerned with how the other women had dressed than with what the speaker was saying.
- Concerned parents held a meeting.
(v) to make something such as a bad situation, a belief, etc.
perpetuar
perpetuate
- continue for a long time to perpetuate injustice
- This system perpetuated itself for several centuries.
(adv) as a result of feelings that influence your behaviour even though you are not aware of them
de modo subconsciente
subconscientemente
subconsciously
Subconsciously, she was looking for the father she had never known.
(adj) having the total cost, or the cost of something that is mentioned, contained in the price
including all the days, months, numbers, etc. mentioned
including a wide range of people, things, ideas, etc
incluyendo, incluido, inclusivo
inclusive
- The fully inclusive fare for the trip is £52.
- We are offering free holidays for children aged two to eleven inclusive.
- The party must adopt more inclusive strategies and a broader vision.
(n)a person who writes articles for a magazine or a book, or who talks on a radio or television programme or at a meeting.
a person or thing that provides money to help pay for something, or support something.
something that helps to cause something.
colaborador, colaboradora, donante, sponsor
contributor
- a regular contributor to this magazine
- Older people are important contributors to the economy.
- the largest net contributor to EU funds
- Sulphur dioxide is a pollutant and a major contributor to acid rain.
(adj) continuing for a long period of time without interruption
frequently repeated, in a way that is annoying
(of a job or position) lasting for the whole of somebody’s life
perpetuo, infinito
perpetual
- He was elected perpetual president.
- How can I work with these perpetual interruptions?
- the perpetual noise of traffic
(v) to make something clearer or easier to understand.
to make something, especially butter, pure by heating it.
aclarar, esclarecer, clasificar
clarify
- clarified butter
- I hope this clarifies my position.
- The law on drugs needs to be clarified.
- Talking to someone has helped clarify my feelings
(n) the ability to judge what is good, true, etc.
the ability to recognize a difference between one thing and another; a difference that is recognized
discriminación
discrimination
- He showed great discrimination in his choice of friends.
- to learn discrimination between right and wrong
- fine discriminations
(adj) showing a critical attitude towards somebody
despectivo, despreciativo, desdeñoso, peyorativo
derogatory
- derogatory remarks/comments
- She indicated by her tone that this was only her private opinion and in no way derogatory of Colonel Ferguson.
(n)a person who did a job before somebody else.
a thing, such as a machine, that has been followed or replaced by something else
predecessor
- The new president reversed many of the policies of his predecessor.
- his immediate predecessor in the post
- This computer has a larger memory than its predecessor.
(vph)
stand in for sb
(adv) mostly; mainly
predominantemente, principalmente
predominantly
-She works in a predominantly male environment.
(n) the ability to change to suit new conditions or situations.
the ability to bend easily without breaking exercises to develop
flexibility
- the flexibility of dancers’ bodies
- Computers offer a much greater degree of flexibility in the way work is organized.
- An overdraft provides increased flexibility but at a higher cost.
(adj) poderoso, potente, influyente
powerful
(adj) that you can control
voluntario, facultativo
voluntary
(adj) unfair; treating somebody or one group of people worse than others
discriminatorio, discriminador, prejuiciado
discriminatory
- discriminatory practices/rules/measures
- sexually/racially discriminatory laws
(vph) contribuir a
contribute to
(n) a person (especially a man) in your family who lived a long time ago
progenitor, antecedente
forefathers
(adj) flexible, adaptable
flexible
- flexible working hours
- Our plans need to be flexible enough to cater for the needs of everyone.
(vph)
make inroads
(n)the act of moving in a controlled, attractive way; the fact of having a smooth, attractive form.
the quality of being polite and kind in your behaviour, especially in a difficult situation
garbo, donaire, elegancia, gracia
gracefulness
(adj) not paid enough for the work you do
mal pagado
underpaid
- Nurses complain of being overworked and underpaid.
- The maintenance staff are grossly underpaid
(adj) having a lot of natural ability or intelligence
having something pleasant
dotado, talentoso, inteligente
gifted
- a gifted musician/player, etc.
- He was gifted with a charming smile.
(nph) desventaja historica
historical disadvantage
(n) an artificial substance or material cotton fabrics and synthetics
material sintético
synthetic
-material with the feel of a natural fibre and the durability of a synthetic
(n)the act of accepting that somebody has defeated you and that you must obey them
sumision, obediencia, sometimiento, acatamiento
submission
- to beat/force/starve somebody into submission
- His response was one of resistance, not submission.
- All parties will have the opportunity to make submissions relating to this case.
- Many diploma courses require the submission of a project.
(v) to make somebody feel as if they are not important and cannot influence decisions or events; to put somebody in a position in which they have no power
marginar
marginalise
(n) a female entertainer who makes people laugh by telling jokes or funny stories
comedienne
(vph)
stand for
(nph) creencias fundamentales
fundamental beliefs
(adj)small and not important.
not part of a main or important group or situation
won or lost by a very small number of votes and therefore very important or interesting as an indication of public opinion
written in the margin of a page
marginal, minimo
marginal
- The difference between the two estimates is marginal.
- marginal notes/comments
(adj)forming the source or base from which everything else is made; not able to be divided any further
fundamental
- A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.
- Hard work is fundamental to success.
- a fundamental particle
(adj)connected with the muscles
musculoso
muscular
-muscular tension/power/tissue
(adj) determined to succeed, and working very hard to do so
motivado, determinado, resuelto
driven
(n)a husband or wife
spouse
Fill in your spouse’s name here.
(n)competencia, competidores, partido, concurso, certament
competition
- There is now intense competition between schools to attract students.
- We are in competition with four other companies for the contract.
- a music/photo, etc. competition
- to enter/win/lose a competition
- We’ll be able to assess the competition at the conference.
(n)the ability or qualities necessary to do something.
the power or weapons that a country has for war or for military action
capacidad, potencial, competencia, aptitud
capability
-Animals in the zoo have lost the capability to catch/of catching food for themselves.
-beyond/within the capabilities of current technology
-Age affects the range of a person’s capabilities.
a company’s production capabilities
-Britain’s nuclear/military capability
(n)socio, pareja, compañero
partner
- a person, especially a woman, who is trained to help women give birth to babies
- a dancing/tennis, etc. partner
- Come to the New Year disco and bring your partner!
(n) an entertainer who makes people laugh by telling jokes or funny stories
comedian
- a stand-up comedian
- He started out as a stand-up comedian in Liverpool.
- Peter was in his thirties when he decided to be a stand-up comedian
(adj) connected with the past/study of History
about people and events in the past
historico
historical
- a historical novel
- historical documents/records/research
(adj) moving in a controlled, attractive way or having a smooth, attractive form.
polite and kind in your behaviour, especially in a difficult situation
elegante
graceful
- The dancers were all tall and graceful.
- His father had always taught him to be graceful in defeat.
(n) indicio, señal, evidencias, pruebas, testimonio
evidence
(n)liderato, dirección
the ability to be a leader or the qualities a good leader should have leadership qualities/skills
leadership
-Strong leadership is needed to captain the team.
(n)a person whose job is to serve or help people in a public place.
a person who takes care of and lives or travels with an important person or a sick or disabled person.
auxiliar, acomodador, empleado
attendant
- a cloakroom/parking/museum attendant
- Pool attendants kept a constant watch on the swimmers
(v) to state something, especially by giving an exact measurement, time, exact instructions, etc
especificar, precisar
specify
-Forms must be returned by the specified date.
