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Life Cycle > Adolescent Nutrition > Flashcards

Adolescent Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Period that is unique to humans

A

adolescent period

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2
Q

When does the adolescent period begin and end?

A

usually from ages 12-18

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3
Q

What are nutrient requirements tied to?

A

chronological and physical age

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4
Q

Adolescence is a critical period for ______, _______, and ______ growth

A

physical, social, psychological

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5
Q

Velocity of growth is second to _____

A

infancy

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6
Q

what is there a high demand for in adolescence?

A

kcal, protein, citamins, minerals

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7
Q

What is especially important at this age?

A

preventing obesity

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8
Q

why is there such a focus on preventing obesity?

A

there is an increase in cell number and size of adipose tissues

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9
Q

what are the differences in growth for females and males?

A

same until 8-9

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10
Q

When does pubescent growth begin in females?

A

10-12

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11
Q

When does pubescent growth happen in males?

A

12-14

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12
Q

What do females have more of in the pubescent period?

A

taller and have more lean body mass

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13
Q

What is the most rapid phase of adolescent growth?

A

growth spurt

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14
Q

When is the highest period with the highest need for nutrients?

A

growth spurt

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15
Q

When is the average age for the largest weight gain

A

11 years

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16
Q

When does 50% of adult weight gain happen?

A

between 12-18

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17
Q

What is the weight gain for males between the ages 12-18?

A

75 pounds

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18
Q

What is the weight gain for females between the ages 12-18?

A

60 pounds

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19
Q

What percentage of adult height is achieved between ages 12-18?

A

15%

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20
Q

How many inches do men gain between the ages 12-18?

A

7-9 inches

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21
Q

How many inches do women gain between the ages 12-18?

A

5-6 inches

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22
Q

What are possible triggers for the growth spurt?

A

certain level of body fat, LBM, size or second sexual characteristic or nutritional influences

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23
Q

What does the heigh spurt signal in females?

A

the beginning of puppetry with accompanying changes in secondary sexual charactersistics

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24
Q

When does menarche occur?

A

at the end of the growth spurt–9-12 months ager peak height velocity or around 13

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25
Q

What signals the beginning of the growth period for males?

A

changes in secondary sexual characteristics

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26
Q

When does height velocity peak for males?

A

toward the end of the growth period

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27
Q

During the growth spurt periods, what happens to the percent body fat in males and females?

A

decrease in males but increase in females

28
Q

When does height increase until?

A

age 30 (1.5 cm for females and 2.5 for males)

29
Q

When does muscle mass stop increasing?

A

40

30
Q

When does skeletal mass stop increasing?

A

30-40

31
Q

When does fat mass stop increasing?

A

age 70

32
Q

What are hormonal influences important for?

A

process of adolescence and sexual maturation

33
Q

Where doe signals for hormonal changes originate from?

A

hypothalamus

34
Q

There is a large increase in ________ type hormones

A

anabolic

35
Q

what influences nutritional requirements in adolescence?

A

increase in anabolic type hormones and an increases in other hormones secreted

36
Q

What are four hormones significantly increased during adolescence

A

thyroid, growth, gonadotropins, gonadal hormones

37
Q

What are the two thyroid hormones?

A

thyroxine and triiodothyronine

38
Q

What happens to BMR and overall body growth during this time?

A

increase

39
Q

What happens to O2 consumption, heat production, and Nitrogen retention?

A

all increase

40
Q

What helps regulate the output of other hormones?

A

increase in BMR and overall body growth–thyroid hormones

41
Q

What gland enlarges during adolescence?

A

thyroid

42
Q

What happens to levels of T4 and T3 in adolescence?

A

remain stable

43
Q

What two conditions can affect the growth spurt?

A

hypo and hyperthyroidism

44
Q

Where is the growth hormone secreted from?

A

anterior pituitary

45
Q

When are the levels of the growth hormone high?

A

adolescence

46
Q

What stimulates protein anabolism?

A

growth hormone

47
Q

What causes increased mobilization of fats and decreased carbohydrate utilization

A

growth hormone

48
Q

What has a role in the m attrition of CNS

A

growth hormone

49
Q

what causes increased glucose to feed the brain

A

growth hormone

50
Q

What are two gonadotropins?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hromone

51
Q

Where are gonadotropins secreted from?

A

pituitary

52
Q

What is the secretion of gonadotropins under the control of?

A

hypothalamus and CNS

53
Q

When does secretion of gonadotropins increase?

A

during pubescence

54
Q

What do gonadotropins stimulate?

A

gonadal growth and maturation

55
Q

What does FSH stimulate in females?

A

secretion of estrogen and follicle growth

56
Q

What does FSH stimulate in males?

A

sperm development

57
Q

What does LH stimulate in females?

A

follicle rupture and release of ovum, secretion of estrogen and progesterone

58
Q

What does LH stimulate in males?

A

secretion of testosterone from testes

59
Q

Release of _____ hormones increases greatly during adolescence?

A

gonadal hormones

60
Q

the increase in gonadal hormone release coincides with what?

A

sexual maturation

61
Q

What does an increase in androgen in males stimulate?

A

muscle mass, RBC, and masculine traits

62
Q

What does an increase in estrogens in females stimulate?

A

secondary sex characteristics, regulates menstrual cycle, increases fat storage

63
Q

What is an increase in progesterone in females important for?

A

menstrual cycle, breast development, and function

64
Q

Where is insulin secreted from?

A

pancreas (beta cells)

65
Q

What does insulin do?

A

regulates glucose metabolism and increase amino acids into cells; increases fat in females

66
Q

What are 3 examples of steroid hormones?

A

cortisol, androgens, estrogens

67
Q

What may give balance to growth process?

A

adrenal cortex hormones (steroid hormones)

Life Cycle (12 decks)

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