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Adolescent Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Period that is unique to humans

A

adolescent period

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2
Q

When does the adolescent period begin and end?

A

usually from ages 12-18

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3
Q

What are nutrient requirements tied to?

A

chronological and physical age

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4
Q

Adolescence is a critical period for ______, _______, and ______ growth

A

physical, social, psychological

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5
Q

Velocity of growth is second to _____

A

infancy

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6
Q

what is there a high demand for in adolescence?

A

kcal, protein, citamins, minerals

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7
Q

What is especially important at this age?

A

preventing obesity

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8
Q

why is there such a focus on preventing obesity?

A

there is an increase in cell number and size of adipose tissues

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9
Q

what are the differences in growth for females and males?

A

same until 8-9

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10
Q

When does pubescent growth begin in females?

A

10-12

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11
Q

When does pubescent growth happen in males?

A

12-14

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12
Q

What do females have more of in the pubescent period?

A

taller and have more lean body mass

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13
Q

What is the most rapid phase of adolescent growth?

A

growth spurt

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14
Q

When is the highest period with the highest need for nutrients?

A

growth spurt

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15
Q

When is the average age for the largest weight gain

A

11 years

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16
Q

When does 50% of adult weight gain happen?

A

between 12-18

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17
Q

What is the weight gain for males between the ages 12-18?

A

75 pounds

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18
Q

What is the weight gain for females between the ages 12-18?

A

60 pounds

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19
Q

What percentage of adult height is achieved between ages 12-18?

A

15%

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20
Q

How many inches do men gain between the ages 12-18?

A

7-9 inches

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21
Q

How many inches do women gain between the ages 12-18?

A

5-6 inches

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22
Q

What are possible triggers for the growth spurt?

A

certain level of body fat, LBM, size or second sexual characteristic or nutritional influences

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23
Q

What does the heigh spurt signal in females?

A

the beginning of puppetry with accompanying changes in secondary sexual charactersistics

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24
Q

When does menarche occur?

A

at the end of the growth spurt–9-12 months ager peak height velocity or around 13

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25
What signals the beginning of the growth period for males?
changes in secondary sexual characteristics
26
When does height velocity peak for males?
toward the end of the growth period
27
During the growth spurt periods, what happens to the percent body fat in males and females?
decrease in males but increase in females
28
When does height increase until?
age 30 (1.5 cm for females and 2.5 for males)
29
When does muscle mass stop increasing?
40
30
When does skeletal mass stop increasing?
30-40
31
When does fat mass stop increasing?
age 70
32
What are hormonal influences important for?
process of adolescence and sexual maturation
33
Where doe signals for hormonal changes originate from?
hypothalamus
34
There is a large increase in ________ type hormones
anabolic
35
what influences nutritional requirements in adolescence?
increase in anabolic type hormones and an increases in other hormones secreted
36
What are four hormones significantly increased during adolescence
thyroid, growth, gonadotropins, gonadal hormones
37
What are the two thyroid hormones?
thyroxine and triiodothyronine
38
What happens to BMR and overall body growth during this time?
increase
39
What happens to O2 consumption, heat production, and Nitrogen retention?
all increase
40
What helps regulate the output of other hormones?
increase in BMR and overall body growth--thyroid hormones
41
What gland enlarges during adolescence?
thyroid
42
What happens to levels of T4 and T3 in adolescence?
remain stable
43
What two conditions can affect the growth spurt?
hypo and hyperthyroidism
44
Where is the growth hormone secreted from?
anterior pituitary
45
When are the levels of the growth hormone high?
adolescence
46
What stimulates protein anabolism?
growth hormone
47
What causes increased mobilization of fats and decreased carbohydrate utilization
growth hormone
48
What has a role in the m attrition of CNS
growth hormone
49
what causes increased glucose to feed the brain
growth hormone
50
What are two gonadotropins?
follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hromone
51
Where are gonadotropins secreted from?
pituitary
52
What is the secretion of gonadotropins under the control of?
hypothalamus and CNS
53
When does secretion of gonadotropins increase?
during pubescence
54
What do gonadotropins stimulate?
gonadal growth and maturation
55
What does FSH stimulate in females?
secretion of estrogen and follicle growth
56
What does FSH stimulate in males?
sperm development
57
What does LH stimulate in females?
follicle rupture and release of ovum, secretion of estrogen and progesterone
58
What does LH stimulate in males?
secretion of testosterone from testes
59
Release of _____ hormones increases greatly during adolescence?
gonadal hormones
60
the increase in gonadal hormone release coincides with what?
sexual maturation
61
What does an increase in androgen in males stimulate?
muscle mass, RBC, and masculine traits
62
What does an increase in estrogens in females stimulate?
secondary sex characteristics, regulates menstrual cycle, increases fat storage
63
What is an increase in progesterone in females important for?
menstrual cycle, breast development, and function
64
Where is insulin secreted from?
pancreas (beta cells)
65
What does insulin do?
regulates glucose metabolism and increase amino acids into cells; increases fat in females
66
What are 3 examples of steroid hormones?
cortisol, androgens, estrogens
67
What may give balance to growth process?
adrenal cortex hormones (steroid hormones)

Life Cycle (12 decks)

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