Acute Renal Failure + Metabolic Acidosis Flashcards

1
Q

What conditions cause and worsen metabolic acidosis?

A

Acute renal failure

Sepsis

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2
Q

How does ineffective antibiotic use and IV fluids lead to renal failure?

A

Antibiotics have not been effective - thus sepsis continues with vasodilation leading to renal hypoperfusion (renal failure)
IV fluid resuscitation has not been aggressive enough, leading to renal hypoperfusion
- can be a combination of the two

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3
Q

What are the signs that a patient’s renal function is declining?

A

Raised creatinine

Low urine output

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4
Q

What is “deep and laboured” breathing called in the context of renal failure?

A

Kussmaul breathing

  • deep and laboured type of breathing which is a natural response to acidosis
  • it aims to reduce the amount of CO2 in the blood and bring the pH back up (compensation)
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5
Q

What ABG description would be seen in acute renal failure + Kussmaul breathing?

A

Metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation
pH 7.22
pO2 18
pCO2 2.3
HCO3- 10
- acidotic (pH <7.35)
- partial respiratory compensation (partial as pH still acidotic) shown by low pCO2

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6
Q
What does this ABG reading show?
pH 7.22
pO2 8
pCO2 8.3
HCO3- 24
A

Respiratory acidosis with no metabolic compensation

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7
Q
What does this ABG reading show?
pH 7.22
pO2 18
pCO2 8.3
HCO3- 10
A

Mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis

- high O2 may be oxygen therapy

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8
Q
What does this ABG reading show?
pH 7.40
pO2 8
pCO2 8.3
HCO3- 38
A

CO2 retention with full metabolic compensation

- may be an ABG of a COPD patient

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9
Q
What does this ABG reading show?
pH 7.51
pO2 18
pCO2 2.3
HCO3- 24
A

Respiratory alkalosis with no metabolic compensation

- panic attack with hyperventilation (with no bodily disturbance in history)

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