Acute Renal Failure + Metabolic Acidosis Flashcards
What conditions cause and worsen metabolic acidosis?
Acute renal failure
Sepsis
How does ineffective antibiotic use and IV fluids lead to renal failure?
Antibiotics have not been effective - thus sepsis continues with vasodilation leading to renal hypoperfusion (renal failure)
IV fluid resuscitation has not been aggressive enough, leading to renal hypoperfusion
- can be a combination of the two
What are the signs that a patient’s renal function is declining?
Raised creatinine
Low urine output
What is “deep and laboured” breathing called in the context of renal failure?
Kussmaul breathing
- deep and laboured type of breathing which is a natural response to acidosis
- it aims to reduce the amount of CO2 in the blood and bring the pH back up (compensation)
What ABG description would be seen in acute renal failure + Kussmaul breathing?
Metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation
pH 7.22
pO2 18
pCO2 2.3
HCO3- 10
- acidotic (pH <7.35)
- partial respiratory compensation (partial as pH still acidotic) shown by low pCO2
What does this ABG reading show? pH 7.22 pO2 8 pCO2 8.3 HCO3- 24
Respiratory acidosis with no metabolic compensation
What does this ABG reading show? pH 7.22 pO2 18 pCO2 8.3 HCO3- 10
Mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis
- high O2 may be oxygen therapy
What does this ABG reading show? pH 7.40 pO2 8 pCO2 8.3 HCO3- 38
CO2 retention with full metabolic compensation
- may be an ABG of a COPD patient
What does this ABG reading show? pH 7.51 pO2 18 pCO2 2.3 HCO3- 24
Respiratory alkalosis with no metabolic compensation
- panic attack with hyperventilation (with no bodily disturbance in history)