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Principles of disease JK > Acute inflammation 1-2 > Flashcards

Acute inflammation 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acute inflammation

A

Basic response which sorts out vertebrates and protects tissue in response to injury

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2
Q

Rubor

A

redness

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3
Q

Tumour

A

swelling

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4
Q

Calor

A

Heat

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5
Q

Dolor

A

pain

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6
Q

Causes/aetiology

A
  • Microorganism (bacteria, fungi, parasite, virus)
  • Mechanical (trauma or injury)
  • Chemical ( upset environment pH, bile, urine)
  • Physical ( Heat, cold, radiation)
  • Dead tissue ( necrosis)
  • Hypersensitivity
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7
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid rich in protein including Ig and fibrinogen
Oedema formation ( fluid in extravascular space)
Change in permeability of vessel wall

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8
Q

Triple response

A

1 - Flush, transient arteriolar constriction
2 - Flare, local dilation - active hyperaemia
3 - Wheal, relax smooth muscle

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9
Q

Stasis

A

Rate of flow slows - change in flow characteristics

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10
Q

Increased permeability

A

Plasma from capillaries to extravascular space

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11
Q

Normal laminar flow

A

WBC - RBC - PLASMA

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12
Q

Flow in inflammation

A

WBC pushed to endothelium and RBC congregate in the centre ( rouleax formation)

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13
Q

Marginated neutrophils

A

Neutrophils move to near endothelium

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14
Q

Pavementing

A

Neutrophils adhere to the endothelium

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15
Q

Emigration

A

Neutrophils squeeze between endothelial cells

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16
Q

Diapedesis

A

RBC squeezed out of vessel and go anywhere

17
Q

Resolution of acute inflammation

A

Agent isolated and destroyed
Macrophage from blood move in and phagocytose debris
Exudate filtered and regenerate epithelial surface
Vascular change to normal - Resolution

18
Q

What do neutrophils do for macrophage

A

Destroy organism and denature antigen for macrophage

19
Q

What part do plasma proteins play

A

Localise the response

20
Q

4 Outcomes of acute inflammation

A
  • Resolution
  • Suppuration
  • Organisation
  • Chronic Inflammation
21
Q

What are neutrophils job (4)

A
  • Mobile and adhere to organism by chemotaxis
  • Granules posses oxidants and enzymes
  • Phagocytose and destroy foreign bodies
  • Die after granule response ==> Pus formed
22
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Coagulation factor which forms fibrin and clots exudate

23
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

Specific for antigen and involved in humoral immune response

24
Q

3 mediators of acute inflammation

A

Molecules on endothelial cell surface
Molecules released from cells eg histamine, serotonin
Molecules in the plasma

25
Q

Effects of mediators

A
  • vasodilation
  • pain
  • itch
  • chemotaxis
  • increased permeability
  • neutrophil adhesion eg p selectin
26
Q

Histamine

A

Released by IgE mediated reactions causing increased permeability and vasodilation and preformed in mast cells

27
Q

Serotonin

A

Preformed in platelets - released when these degranulate and cause vasoconstriction

28
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Promote histamine effects

29
Q

Plasma 4 cascades

A
  • Complement - inflammation and immune system link
  • Kinin system - bradykinin = pain
  • Fibrinolysis - breaks down fibrin
  • Blood coagulation - clots fibrinogen in exudate
30
Q

Suppuration - pus formation

A

Dead tissue, exudate, neutrophil, fibrin, red cells surrounded by a pyogenic membrane

31
Q

Abscess

A

Collection of pus under pressure and can be single or multi loculated - burst through pyogenic membrane

32
Q

Empysema

A

Pus in other places - hollow, delocalised area

33
Q

Pyaemia

A

Discharge of Pus in the blood

34
Q

Organisation

A

Granulation tissue - heal and repair

Fibrosis = scar formation

35
Q

4 things needed for repair

A

Angiogenesis, collagen + fibroblast and macrophage

36
Q

Bacteraemia

A

Bacteria in the blood

37
Q

Septicaemia

A

Growth of bacteria in the blood

38
Q

Toxeamia

A

Toxin production in the blood

Principles of disease JK (26 decks)

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