Acute and Chronic injuries

Question 1

Acute injury (definition)

Causes? (4)

Answer 1

A sudden injury associated with overuse

• collision between 2 players
• body part against a hard object
• associated with movement when parts of a body are out of alignment
• technique is poorly learned

Question 2

Chronic injuries (definition)

Causes? (5)

Answer 2

Commonly associated with overuse or excessive training insufficient recovery time

• Reduction in recovery time
• Poor technique
• Inadequate equipment
• Poor flexibility
• Inadequate warm up/cool down protocols

Question 3

Hard tissue injuries

Answer 3

Damage to the:

• bone
• joint
• cartilage

Question 4

Soft tissue injuries

Answer 4

Damage to the:

• skin
• muscle
• tendon
• ligament.

Question 5

Acute Soft Tissue injuries examples

Answer 5

• Sprain
• Contusion

Question 6

Acute Hard Tissues injuries examples

Answer 6

• Fracture
• Dislocation

Question 7

Chronic Soft Tissue injuries examples

Answer 7

• Strain
• Tendinosis

Question 8

Chronic Hard Tissue injuries examples

Answer 8

• Stress fracture
• Bursitis

Question 9

Fracture

Answer 9

Description:

• When an excessive load is applied to a bone.
• The stress of the load causes deformation and possibly a break.
• The size and direction of force applied will determine the type of fracture

Symptoms:

• Pain
• swelling
• deformation
• discolouration
• immobility

Sporting Eg:

• Fractured wrist in gymnastics

Question 10

Dislocation

Answer 10

Description:

• When one bone is displaced from another and moved from the original position
• Caused by a collision or fall

Symptoms:

• Pain
• deformity
• swelling
• loss of movement

Sporting Eg:

• Shoulder dislocation in rugby

Question 11

Contusion

Answer 11

Description:

• Bruising caused by impact which has ruptured blood vessels

Symptoms

• Discolouration
• Pain

Sporting Eg:

• Bruising from a hockey ball

Question 12

Sprain

Answer 12

Description:

• The stretching or tearing of ligaments caused by force which has moved a joint beyond its extreme range

Symptoms:

• Pain
• swelling
• immobility

Sporting Eg:

• Cruciate ligament rupture in the knee in skiing

Question 13

Strain

Answer 13

Description:

• Damaged muscle fibres or tendons caused by rapid overstretching
• Range from grade 1 partial tear, to grade 3 complete rupture

Symptoms:

• Pain
• discolouration

Sporting Eg:

• Hamstring tear from sprinting

Question 14

Concussion

Answer 14

Description:

• Impact to the head.
• The force causes the brain to accelerate against the inner wall of the skull

Symptoms:

• Swelling
• neural function disruption
• confusion
• headaches
• dizziness
• nausea
• unconsciousness

Sporting Eg:

• Concussion from a rugby tackle

Question 15

Stress fractures

Answer 15

Description:

• An overuse injury where the repetitive loading of a bone occurs at a greater rate than which the bone can repair

Symptoms:

• Pain
• swelling
• warmth at site

Sporting Eg:

• Stress fracture of tibia due to running

Question 16

Tendinosis

Answer 16

Description:

• A deterioration of the collagen within a tendon in response to overuse

Symptoms:

• Swelling
• intense pain
• grating sensation on movement

Sporting Eg:

• Tennis elbow
• Achilles tendinosis

Question 17

Bursitis

Answer 17

Description:

• Inflammation of bursa (small sac of fluid) between tendon and bone

Symptoms:

• Dull, achy pain
• Tender and warm
• Swollen or red

Sporting Eg:

• At the elbow from throwing (cricketer, javelin thrower)