acute abdomen Flashcards
whst
recent, rapid onset of urgent abdominal or pelvic pathology
usually presenting with abdominal pain
differential diagnoses: generalised abdo pain
peritonitis
ruptures AAA
intestinal obstruction
ischaemic colitis
differential diagnoses: RUQ pain
biliary colic
acute cholecystitis
acute cholangitis
differential diagnoses: epigastric pain
acute gastritis
peptic ulcer
pancreatitis
ruptured AAA
differential diagnoses: central abdo pain
ruptured AAA
intestinal obstruction
ischaemic colitis
early stages appendicits
differential diagnoses: right iliac fossa pain
acute appendicitis ectopic pregnancy ruptured ovarian cyst ovarian torsion meckel's diverticulitis
differential diagnoses: L iliac fossa pain
diverticulitis
ectopic pregnancy
ruptured ovarian cyst
ovarian torsion
differential diagnoses: suprapubic pain
lower UTI
acute urinary disease
PID
prostatitis
differential diagnoses: loin to groin pain
renal colic (kidney stones)
ruptured AAA
pyleonephritis
differential diagnoses: testicular pain
testicular torsion
epididymo-orchitis
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
signs of peritonitis
guarding rigidity rebound tenderness \+ cough test percussion tenderness
localised peritonitis
caused by underlying organ inflammation
e.g. appendicitis, cholecystitis
generalised peritonitis
may be caused by perforation of abdo organ (e.g. perforated duodenal ulcer, ruptured appendix) releasing contents into peritoneal cavity –> generalised inflammation
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
assoc w sponataneous infection of ascites in pt w liver diease
treat with broad-spectrum antibx
ABCDE assessment: A
ensure airway patent and secure
ABCDE assessment: B
breathing resp rate oxygen sats listen to lungs provide O2 if needed
ABCDE assessment: C
BP, HR, heart sounds, CRT
IV access (wide bore cannunla)
take bloods
IV fluid bolus if needed
ABCDE assessment: D
AVPU
Glucose level
ABCDE assessment: E
full assessment
abdo exam
what to do immediate if bowel obstruction
NG tube
