AC Odds And Ends Flashcards
Name the layers of a tree from outside to inside
Bark, phloem, cambium, xylem
List the levels of plant classification from broadest to narrowest
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species epithet
Name the plant characteristics used to identify trees
Bark texture, leaves, flowers, fruit, seed, buds, leaf scars, scent, form or growth habit
Name all the possible layers of the bark from outside to inside
Cuticle, epidermis, cork cells, cork cambium, phelloderm, cortex.
Describe the O horizon
It is a thin layer of decomposing organic material
Describe the A horizon
Layer that contains most of the fine absorbing roots of trees and is very biologically active.
Describe the B horizon
It is a zone of accumulation where materials that have leached from the surface mix with soil particles from the lower parent material.
T/F negativity charged clay particles hold cations near their surface.
True
Name the benefits of using mulch around trees
Moderate temperature extremes, reduce competition from weeds, keep mowers away, maintain soil moisture, aesthetically pleasing
Name the health problems associated with flooding
Root suffocation/death, soil organisms killed, predisposition to other stress factors, root collar rot, tree prone to toppling, mineral toxicities
Name the functions of the root system.
Absorption, conduction, anchorage, storage, hormone production
List the defects that could be found on a rope
Cuts, excessive fraying, puffs, pulled or herniated fibers, abrasions, changes in diameter, discoloration, glazing
Before climbing a tree, a climber should inspect the tree for hazards such as
Broken limbs, electrical hazards, dead limbs, decay, splits.
Name pieces of personal protective equipment that are generally required for all tree workers
Hardhat, eye protection, hearing protection, leg protection, sturdy work boots
T/F a well-trained climber, in good condition, should be able to dodge the kickback of a chainsaw.
False
Generally, the depth of the felling notch should not exceed ___-___ of the diameter of the tree
One third
If a victim is not breathing, it is necessary to perform ________ ________
Artificial respiration
List the Allied professionals or groups that an urban Forrester should learn to communicate with
Urban planners, civil engineers, public work officials, government agencies, and the public
List some economic benefits of trees
Increase property values, increase tax base, attract visitors, deferred maintenance on materials
List environmental benefits of trees
Improve air quality, sequester carbon, cool the air through transpiration, provide habitat for wildlife, reduce stormwater runoff and soil erosion
List for types of data that are typically collected any tree inventory
Species, diameter, location, condition codes, maintenance codes.
Name five ways that trees can be adversely affected by construction
Root injury, soil compaction, injury to trunk or branches, grade change, excavation severing root system
What are the phases of land development
Site clearing demolition, rough grading, utility installation and grading, construction, and final grading and landscape installation
If the soil grade on a construction site is____, a large percentage of the trees roots system might be removed. If The Grade is___, The trees roots might be suffocated
Lowered, raised
List the three components of risk assessment
Potential for failure, potential target, environment that may contribute to failure
List five indicators of decay in a tree
Open wounds or cavities, fruiting bodies: mushrooms Conks, cracked or loosend Bark, certain inserts, birds bees and other animals
List for potential options for mitigating tree risk
Pruning, cabling, bracing, removal of the trees limbs
Plant resources, produced through photosynthesis, are allocated among four primary functions:
Growth, maintenance, storage, defense
What are the three pest management goals
Prevention eradication and suppression
Name five causes of physical or mechanical injuries two trees
Lawnmower/string trimmer, vandalism, construction, rodents, guy wires
Name some insect pests of trees with chewing mouthparts
Beatles, caterpillars, weevils, leaf miners, borers, webworms
Name some inserts with piercing or sucking mouthparts
Aphids, scale, leafhoppers, mealybugs, true bugs, and psyllids
Name the four factors required for a tree disease
Susceptible host, pathogenic organisms, suitable environment, proper timing
Fire blight is an example of a disease caused by a____
Bacterium
Name three instances in which cabling might be called for in a tree
Support a weak crotch, support for multi-stemmed tree, weak wooded tree
T/F the installation of metal cables, if done properly, will not wound the tree
false
Name three circumstances in which lightning protection for trees might be recommended
Historical, valuable, large trees in a populated area
The purpose of a lightning protection system is to
Conduct the electrical charge into the soil away from the tree
When cabling a multi-stemmed tree, extra support can be added to the system by
Cabling the limbs together in triangular combinations
Name the common reasons for removing limbs from trees
Dead, disease, hazardous, Crossing, thinning, weight reduction, size reduction, obstructing views or clearance
T/F Trees that tend to bleed should never be pruned in the early spring because doing so is likely to cause a major decline in vigor
False
T/F as a general rule, mature trees are less tolerant of severe pruning then juvenile trees
True
T/F even the removal of 25% of the canopy of a large, mature tree can be stressful to the tree
True
Three adverse effects of lion tailing are
Uneven foliage distribution, sunburned bark tissue, weakened branch structure
Three adverse affects of topping include
Excessive water sprout development, weak branch union, unnatural growth form
T/F research on wound dressings shows that there use prevents decay.
False
Name two ways plant growth regulators are used by arborist
Reduce growth and restrict sucker growth
To prune trees that flower on the previous years growth and maximize flowering, you should prune
Shortly after flowering
Name the adverse effects of staking or guying trees
Wounding of trunk or branches, girdling, less stable root development, uneven taper development
T/F in general, palms are easy to transplant
True
Name three site characteristics that must be considered in tree selection
Growing space, light conditions, soil conditions, climate, functional requirements
The climactic factor that determines hardiness zones is
Low temperature extremes
Name the limitations to trunk implants and microinjections
Limited to trees over 4 inches in diameter, not suited for addressing macronutrient deficiencies, resulting wounds limit ability to repeat applications
Name the advantages of drip irrigation
Reduces water waste and reduces surface compaction
Name the disadvantages of drip irrigation
Must be moved outward as root system expands and may become clogged
A_____ ____ Is a landscape feature specifically designed to collect and hold stormwater runoff
Rain garden
