AC-Ch. 8 Pruning

Question 1

Plant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone gibberellin, which, among other things, regulates cell elongation.

Answer 1

Anti gibberellin

Question 2

Inhibition of lateral buds, decreasing from the top down, by apical buds over many seasons, resulting in trees with an excurrent growth form.

Answer 2

Apical control

Question 3

Raised strip of bark at the top of the branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parents stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge

Answer 3

Branch Bark Ridge

Question 4

Forked stems nearly the same size and diameter, arising from a common junction and lacking a normal branch union.

Answer 4

Codominant stems

Question 5

Natural defense process in trees by which chemical and physical boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay organisms

Answer 5

compartmentalization

Question 6

In pruning, the selective removal of dead, dying, diseased, and broken branches from the tree crown

Answer 6

Crown cleaning

Question 7

Specialized technique of pruning and training plants to grow within a plane, such as along A wall or fence.

Answer 7

Espalier

Question 8

Large, divided Leaf structures found in palms and ferns

Answer 8

Fronds

Question 9

Cutting a shoot back to a bud or cutting branches back to buds, stubs, or lateral branches not large enough to assume apical dominance. Cutting an older branch or stem back to a stub in order to meet a structural objective.

Answer 9

Heading (back)

Question 10

Bark that becomes embedded in a crotch between branch and trunk or between codominant stems. Causes a weak structure.

Answer 10

Included bark

Question 11

Between the nodes on a stem

Answer 11

Internodal

Question 12

Secondary or subordinate branch or root

Answer 12

Lateral

Question 13

Primary terminal shoot or trunk of a tree. Large usually upright stem. A stem that dominates a portion of the crown by suppressing lateral branches

Answer 13

Leader

Question 14

Poor pruning practice in which an excessive number of branches are thinned from the inside and lower part of specific limbs or a tree crown leaving mostly terminal foliage. Results in poor branch taper poor wind load distribution and a higher risk of branch failure

Answer 14

Lion tailing

Question 15

In structural pruning of young trees branches that will be left in place often forming the initial scaffold framework of a tree.

Answer 15

Permanent branches

Question 16

Compound effective in small quantities that affects the growth and/or development of plants.

Answer 16

Plant growth regulator

Question 17

Specialty pruning technique in which a tree with a large maturing form is kept Relatively short. Starting on a young tree, internodal cuts are made at a chosen height, resulting in the development of callus knobs at the cut height. Requires regular removal of the sprouts arising from the cuts.

Answer 17

Pollarding

Question 18

Selective pruning to provide vertical clearance.

Answer 18

Raising

Question 19

Pruning to decrease height and/Or spread of a branch or crown

Answer 19

Reduction

Question 20

Pruning cut that reduces the length of a branch or stem back to a lateral branch large enough to assume apical dominance

Answer 20

Reduction cut

Question 21

Pruning to improve the structure, form, and appearance of trees that have been improperly trimmed, vandalized, or damaged.

Answer 21

Restoration

Question 22

Management and planting to restore altered or damaged ecosystems or landscapes

Answer 22

Restoration

Question 23

Permanent or structural branches that form the scaffold architecture or structure of a tree

Answer 23

Scaffold branches

Question 24

Pruning to establish a strong arrangement or system of scaffold branches

Answer 24

Structural pruning

Question 25

Prune to reduce the size and ensuring growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders.

Answer 25

Sub ordinate

Question 26

In structural pruning of young trees, branches that are left in place or subordinated but will be removed later in forming the permanent scaffold framework of a tree.

Answer 26

Temporary branches

Question 27

In pruning, the selective removal of life branches to provide light or air penetration through the tree or to lighten the weight of the remaining branches.

Answer 27

Thinning

Question 28

Inappropriate pruning techniques to reduce tree size. Cutting back a tree to a predetermined crown limit, often at internodes

Answer 28

Topping

Question 29

Pruning around or near utility facilities with the object of maintaining safe and reliable utility service.

Answer 29

Utility pruning

Question 30

Selective pruning to enable a view form a predetermined point

Answer 30

Vista pruning

Question 31

Upright, epicormic shoot arising from the trunk or branches of a plant above the root graft or soil line. Incorrectly called a sucker.

Answer 31

Water sprout

Question 32

Compound applied to tree wound or pruning cuts.

Answer 32

Wound dressing

Question 33

In the United States, industry-developed, national consensus standards of practice for tree care

Answer 33

ANSI A300