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Abdomen 2 > Abdomen 2 final Spleen Review > Flashcards

Abdomen 2 final Spleen Review Flashcards

1
Q

removal of abnormal red blood cells from the blood by the spleen

A

culling

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2
Q

red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

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3
Q

produces erythrocytes, as well as white blood cells, in the developing fetus. In the adult, red blood cell production is performed only in cases of severe hemolytic anemia

A

hematopoiesis

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4
Q

oxygen carrying and iron containing pigment of red blood cells

A

hemoglobin

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5
Q

removal of worn out and abnormal red blood cells and platelets from the bloodstream by phagocyte cells in the spleen

A

phagocytosis

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6
Q

removal of nuclei from old red blood cells by the spleen without destroying the cell

A

pitting

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7
Q

along with white pulp, comprises spleen parenchyma. Where worn-out red blood cells and bloodborne pathogens are destroyed. Consists of splenic sinuses and splenic cords

A

Red pukp

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8
Q

has the responsibility of phagocytosis (enguling and destroying) of damaged or old cells and their debris, foreign materials, and pathogens, taking them out of the circulating blood. Reticuloendothelial cells are found in the spleen, as well as in the Kupffer cells of the liver, lymph nodes, alveoli, brain, blood vessels, and mucous membranes

A

reticuloendothelial system

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9
Q

arises from the celiac axis of the abdominal aorta and travels laterally toward the left to supply the spleen with oxygen-rich blood

A

splenic artery

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10
Q

this portion of the spleen, located medially, is where the vasculature enters and exits

A

splenic hilum

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11
Q

conveys venous blood from the spleen, running medially along the gastrolienal ligament to its confluence with the superior mesenteric vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form the portal vein.

A

splenic vein

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12
Q

along with red pulp, comprises spleen parenchyma. Where immune functions takes place. Consists of lymphatic tissue containing lymphocytes and monocytes that continually produce and are active in ingesting and digesting harmful pathogens that enter the bloodstream

A

white pulp

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13
Q

What anatomy forms the anterior border of the spleen?

A

stomach

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14
Q

what pathology is the spleen at an increased risk of developing because intrasplenic arteries do not anastamose or communicate to create collateral flow?

A

infarction

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15
Q

Which splenic variant rarely presents with torsion or infarction associated with acute left upper quadrant pain?

A

accessory spleen

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16
Q

Which variant of normal is associated with a high incidence of splenic torsion and infarction?

A

wandering spleen

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17
Q

which term defines the spleens activity to remove cells lacking the biconcave shape of normal red blood cells?

A

culling function

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18
Q

which term describes an abnormally low white blood cell count?

A

leukopenia

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19
Q

what examination is invaluable in illuminating hypoechoic vascular lesions that may be overlooked with gray scale imaging?

A

color Doppler

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20
Q

what is an advantage of including images of the spleen on expiration as part of the sonography examination?

A

eliminates shadowing by excluding lung base

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21
Q

what is one of the most common splenic enlargment abnormalities observed in sonography?

A

splenomegaly

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22
Q

which pathology is a common cause of splenomegaly?
a. gaucher disease with presence of diffuse splenic nodules
b. splenic calcification associated with sickle cell disease
c. portal hypertension often associated with liver cirrhosis
d. pancreatitis associated with diabetes

A

c

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23
Q

which cysts arise from epithelial or endothelial lining?

A

true cysts

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24
Q

which of the following is associated with a high mortality rate?
a. ruptured pseudocyst
b. blunt abdominal trauma
c. splenic calcification
d. splenic infarct

A

b

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25
Q

what is the most common malignant disease to affect the spleen?

A

lymphoma

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26
Q

what is the most common benign vascular neoplasm of the spleen?

A

hemangioma

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27
Q

the splenic vein conveys venous blood from the spleen and courses along the gastrolienal ligament to its confluence with:

A

SMV

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28
Q

All of the following are function of the spleen except:
a. defense
b. hematopoeisis
c. serves as a blood reservoir
d. stores bile

A

stores bile

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29
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the anatomy of the spleen is FALSE?
a. the spleen is surrounded by a fibrous capsule
b. the spleen is a retroperitoneal organ
c. the spleen is located in the left hypochondrium
d. the spleen lies posterior to the stomach

A

b

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30
Q

the splenic artery is a terminal branch of which artery?

A

celiac artery

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31
Q

which of the following ligaments does NOT help stablize the spleen?
a. falciform ligament
b. lienorenal ligament
c. gastrosplenic ligament
d. phrenocolic ligament

A

a

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32
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

lateral to the left kidney

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33
Q

the spleen is considered enlarged when its length is greater than what measurement?

A

13 cm

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34
Q

what is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?

A

spleen

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35
Q

the splenic artery branches off which artery to supply blood to the spleen?

A

celiac artery

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36
Q

what sinosoid function removes imperfect red blood cells?

A

macrophages

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37
Q

while scanning the spleen, you notice a small round mass that appears to be separate from the spleen in region of the splenic hilum. The echotexture of the mass is similiar to that of the spleen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

accessory spleen

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38
Q

what function requires B and T cells?

A

immunology

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39
Q

while performing an abdominal sonography, you are having difficulty locating the spleen in its normal location in the left upper quadrant. As you scan the entire left side, you located what appears to be the spleen in the lower left quadrant. What is the most likely explanation of this finding?

A

wandering spleen

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40
Q

what splenic function removes senscent, defective red blood cells?

A

culling

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41
Q

a wandering spleen is at an increased risk of acquiring which of the following conditions?
a. splenic rupture
b. torsion and infarction
c. splenomegaly
d. leukemia and lymphoma

A

b

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42
Q

what is the normal anatomic location of the spleen?

A

peritoneal cavity

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43
Q

which of the following statements regarding the function of red pulp is FALSE?
a. red pulp is responsible for erythropoetisis throughout our lives
b. in cases of severe hemorrhage, the red pulp may release its reservoir into the bloodstream
c. red pulp is responsible for the removal or worn-out red blood cells
d. red pulp removes defective cells such as sickle and thalassemic cells from circulation

A

a

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44
Q

for the spleen, what is considered a relatively common anatomic variant?

A

wandering spleen

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45
Q

leukocytosis is the typical response to which of the following conditions?
a. lupus ereythematous
b. chemotherapy
c. bacterial infection
d. hemorrhage

A

c

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46
Q

focal hypoechoic vascular lesions may be more easily seen employing what technique?

A

color Doppler

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47
Q

what is leukopenia?

A

frequently a side effect of chemotherapy

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48
Q

the spleen is more susceptible to what pathology when there are no adequate anastamoses between the arteries in the spleen?

A

infarction

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49
Q

what is the normal echogenicity of the spleen

A

isoechoic to the liver

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50
Q

what may be the etiology of the spleen?

A

hypersplenism

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51
Q

what is the most common sonographically visualized abnormality of the spleen?

A

splenomegaly

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52
Q

what is an explanation if the sonographer is having difficulty visualizing the anterior and inferior portions of the spleen because of shadowing artifacts

A

air in the left colic flexure

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53
Q

what is the most common cause of splenomegaly?

A

portal hypertension

54
Q

leukocytosis may result from what condition?

A

hemorrhage

55
Q

while scanning the spleen, you notice multiple enlarged tortuous vessels in the splenic hilum. Color Doppler confirms that they are vascular in nature. Dilated vessels are also noted within the splenic parenchyma. What is the most likely cause of these findings?

A

portal hypertension with collateral varices

56
Q

what is the splenic shape or appearance on transverse sections?

A

crecentic

57
Q

sonographically, what is the splenic echogenicity when splenomegaly occurs?

A

could by hyperechoic, or hypoechoic but does not correlate with cause of enlargement

58
Q

what is a likely explanation for a large palpable left upper quadrant mass seen on a patient with leukocytosis?

A

splenomegaly

59
Q

what can be sonographically demonstrated on a patient with histoplasmosis?

A

calcification

60
Q

which of the following is NOT included as a focal lesion of the spleen?
a. cysts
b. infarcts
c. splenomegaly
d. granulomas

A

c

61
Q

a patient with sickle cell anemia disease presents for an abdominal sonogram complaining of recent left upper quadrant pain. A hypoechoic wedge shaped lesion is seen in the spleen? What is this typical of?

A

splenic infarcts

62
Q

A 10 year old patient presents for an abdominal sonogram following blunt abdominal trauma that occurred during a bicycle accident. Which of the following would be an unusual finding in this patient?
a. subcapsular hematoma
b. free fluid in the peritoneum
c. hematoma within the splenic parenchyma
d. varices in the splenic hilum

A

d

63
Q

Splenic calcifications usually result from which disease?

A

granulomatous

64
Q

Which of the following may cause a small, shrunken spleen?
a. mononucleosis
b. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
c. sickle cell anemia
d. portal hypertension

A

sickle cell anemia

65
Q

The splenic artery arises from the ____.

A

c

66
Q

which artery is a branch of the splenic artery?
a. LGA
b. SGA
c. right gastroepiploic artery
d. IMA

A

b

67
Q

The primary component of white pulp is:

A

malpighian corpuscles

68
Q

The average volume of the adult spleen is about ____.

A

200 mL

69
Q

The removal of nuclei from old red blood cells without damage to the cells is called:

A

pitting

70
Q

the most abundant pigment released by the spleen during red blood cell removal is:

A

hemosiderin

71
Q

the component of the spleen that is responsible for immune function is:

A

white pulp

72
Q

the oxygen-containing and iron-containing pigment of red blood cells is:

A

hemoglobin

73
Q

the removal of abnormal blood cells is:

A

culling

74
Q

which of the following is indicative of an infection in the blood?
a. bacteremia
b. leukocytosis
c. leukopenia
d. hematocrit

A

b

75
Q

The spleen is an ______ structure.

A

intraperitoneal

76
Q

The normal spleen weighs about _____ grams or mL.

A

350

77
Q

An enlarged spleen is termed:

A

splenomegaly

78
Q

Echo pattern of an infarcted spleen

A

heterogeneous with tortuous enlarged vessels. Hpoechoic wedge shape or round shape along border of parenchyma

79
Q

what is the most common primary carcinoma of the spleen?

A

lymphoma

80
Q

what is the most common malignancy to metastasize to the spleen?

A

melanoma

81
Q

The average volume of the adult spleen is

A

200 mL

82
Q

the removal of nuclei from old red blood cells without damage to the cells is called

A

pitting

83
Q

What is the most common sonographically visualized abnormality of the spleen

A

splenomegaly

84
Q

The component of the spleen that is responsible for the immune functions is the

A

white pulp

85
Q

The spleen is considered enlarged when its measurement is greater than

A

13 cm

86
Q

splenic calcifications usually result from

A

granulomatous

87
Q

During an exam of the spleen a hypoechoic wedge shaped lesion is seen in the spleen. What is this typical of?

A

infarction

88
Q

Tissue death caused by an interruption of the blood supply

A

infarct

89
Q

decreased white blood cell count, possibly the result of viral infection or leukemia

A

leukopenia

90
Q

red blood cell; contains hemoglobin

A

erythrocyte

91
Q

elevated white blood cell count, usually due to infection

A

leukocytosis

92
Q

white blood cell; protects and fights against infection in the body

A

leukocyte

93
Q

process used by the red pulp to destroy old red blood cells

A

phagocytosis

94
Q

laboratory value of the percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells

A

hematocrit

95
Q

the splenic artery arises from

A

celiac artery

96
Q

a wandering spleen is at an increased risk of acquiring ____.

A

torsion and infarction

97
Q

_____ is respobsible for the removal of worn out red blood cells

A

red pulp

98
Q

Leukocytosis is the typical response to

A

bacterial infections

99
Q

Normal echogenicity of the spleen

A

isoechoic to the liver

100
Q

what is the most common cause of splenomegaly

A

portal hypertension

101
Q

______ may cause a small shrunken spleen

A

sickle cell anemia

102
Q

while scanning the spleen, you notice multiple enlarged tortuous vessels in the splenic hilum. Color doppler confirms that they are vascular in nature. Dilated vessels are also noted within the parenchyma

A

Portal hypertension with collateral vessels

103
Q

A patient with sickle cell disease presents for an abdominal sonogram complaining of recent left upper quadrant pain. A hypoechoic wedge shaped lesion is seen in the spleen. What is this typical of?

A

splenic infarct

104
Q

The spleen is located in the _____ cavity and is covered by peritoneum except at the ____.

A

peritoneal
splenic hilum

105
Q

______ is a very rare condition that leads to a congenital absence of the spleen

A

asplenia

106
Q

The removal of defective and worn-out red blood cells occurs in the cords of ______.

A

Biliroth

107
Q

The most common benign vascular lesion of the spleen is the

A

hemangioma

108
Q

What projects from the splenic capsule and divides the spleen into several compartments?

A

trabeculae

109
Q

What anatomy is located on the anterior border of the spleen?

A

stomach

110
Q

In the spleen, which structure is made up of lymph tissues arranged around splenic arterioles?

A

white pukp

111
Q

What is the spleen’s function in the embryological stage of development?

A

hematopoiesis

112
Q

Where is the principle site of filtration within the spleen?

A

red pukp

113
Q

What splenic function removes iron and other substances from erythrocytes?

A

pitting

114
Q

Which patient position is best for scanning the normal adult spleen?

A

right lateral decubitus

115
Q

What ligament attaches the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

gastrosplenic

116
Q

what term describes the echogenicity of the normal splenic parenchyma when compared to the liver?

A

heterogeneous

117
Q

What is the normal sonographic appearance of the spleen?

A

homogeneous

118
Q

Leukopenia may result from what condition?

A

anaphylactic shock

119
Q

what process contributes to an acquired aplasia and hypoplasia?

A

repeated infarctions

120
Q

What sinusoid function removes imperfect red blood cells?

A

macrophage

121
Q

What function requires B cells and T cells?

A

immunology

122
Q

What is the normal anatomic location of the spleen?

A

peritoneal cavity

123
Q

The splenic vein conveys venous blood from the spleen and courses along the gastrolienal ligament to its confluence with the

A

superior mesenteric vein

124
Q

All of the following are functions of the spleen except:
a. defense
b. hematopoeisis
c. serves as a blood reservoir
d. stores bile

A

d

125
Q

the process of removing abnormal red blood cells by the spleen

A

culling

126
Q

oxygen-carrying and iron-containing pigment of red blood cells

A

hemoglobin

127
Q

the process that produces erythrocytes and white blood cells in the developing fetus

A

hematopoeisis

128
Q

the term for a red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

129
Q

the process of removing nuclei from old red blood cells

A

pitting

130
Q

responsible for phagocytosis of damaged or old cells

A

reticuloendothelial system

131
Q

found in the spleen, consists of lymphatic tissue, and is where immune functions take place

A

white pulp

132
Q

the process of removing worn-out and abnormal red blood cells and platelets from the bloodstream by phagocyte cells in the spleen

A

phagocytosis

Abdomen 2 (9 decks)

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