abdomen 2 final male pelvis and prostate review Flashcards
1
Q
The length of each seminal vescile measures approximately:
A
5cm
2
Q
With age, the prostate sometimes
A
enlarges
3
Q
Of the glandular prostate, the transition zone accounts for about:
A
5%
4
Q
Seminal vesicles in the long axis are seen using which scanning plane?
A
transverse
5
Q
The prostate glad is sonographically;
A
heterogeneous
6
Q
True or false
the prostate gland and seminal vesicles contribute to sperm viability by secreting alkaline fluids.
A
true
7
Q
True or false
The fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles constitutes about 33% of semen volume
A
false
8
Q
True or false
The seminal vesicles empty into the distal ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory ducts
A
true
9
Q
True or false
The transabdominal approach is superior for scanning the seminal vesicles and prostate
A
false
10
Q
true or false
The prostate gland consists of a small anterior veramontanum and a much larger posterior glandular region
A
false
11
Q
What is the normal intratesticular arterial flow?
A
low resistance
12
Q
What regulates the temperature of the testes?
A
pampiniform plexus
13
Q
The penis is composed of:
A
two corpora cavernosa dorsolaterally and one corpus spongiosum midventrally
14
Q
What does the scrotum consist of?
A
Testicles, epididymis, and distal vas deferens
15
Q
Spermatazoa exit the testis through the
A
efferent ducts
16
Q
The median raphe divides the
A
scrotum into two testicles
17
Q
The testicles are classified as
A
exocrine and endocine glands
18
Q
most common location for undescended testis
A
inguinal canal
19
Q
What does the normal veins of the pampiniform measure?
A
Less than 2 mm in diameter
20
Q
Testicular microlithiasis is diagnosed sonographically when
A
more than five echogenic, nonshadowing foci are seen per transducer field
21
Q
What tumor accounts for 80% of childhood testicular tumors?
A
yolk sac
22
Q
Most cases of yolk sac tumors occur before the age of
A
2
23
Q
Most common extratesticular neoplasm is the benign
A
adenomatoid tumor
24
Q
semen is composed of
A
60% alkaline fructose, 13% to 33% alkaline ffluid and sperm
25
Denonvillier's fascia lies between:
the prostate and the rectum
26
Prostate cancer occurs most often in which zone:
peripheral zone
27
Most common type of prostate cancer
adenocarcinoma
28
The prostate is supported by:
The obturator internus and levator ani muscles
29
The seminal vesicles join with the ductus deferens to form the:
ejaculatory ducts
30
what are the most common cyst of the male pelvic?
Mullerian duct and utricle
31
Most common symptomatic tumor like condition in the male pelvic?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
32
Which blood test is used to identify men at increased risk of prostate cancer?
PSA
33
Which cyst contains spermatozoa?
seminal vesicle cyet
34
where are the seminal vesicles located?
posterior to the urinary bladder and inferior to the prostate
35
which zone of the prostate is most affected by BPH?
transition zone
36
What produces the Eiffel tower appearance?
Periuretheral calculi
37
What term describes the involuntary emptying of the bladder
incontinence
38
What term describes the inability to empty the bladder even when it is full?
retention
39
The ureterovesical junction describes what anatomic location?
Where the ureter joins the urinary bladder
40
Anatomical division of the epididymis
head, body, and tail
41
what undergoes ectasia caused by dilation of the semneferous tubules and is associated with epididymal cyst and spermatoceles?
rete testis
42
Most common cause of acute scrotal pain
epididymitis and epididmy- orchitis
43
Testicular torsion is most common at what age
12 to 18 years of age
44
Most common cause of epidiymitis in young men
sexually transmitted disease
45
collection of serous fluid located between the layers of the tunica vaginalis
hydrocele
46
most common correctable cause of male infertility
varicocele
47
most common sonographic appearance of a malignant testicular mass
hypoechoic mass
48
what lab values may be elevated with testicular malignancy
AFP
49
most common malignancy of the testicles
seminoma
50
dilated group of veins within the scrotum
varicocele
51
most common location of a varicocele
left side of the scrotum
52
most common cancer found in men
prostate cancer
53
technique that is useful for providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele
valsalva maneuver
54
the blue dot sign is indicative of
testicular torsion
55
most common malignancy of the penis
squamous cell carcinoma
56
what is the exocrine function of the testicles
to produce sperm
57
dilated veins are considered a varicocele when they measure
greater than 2 mm
58
most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma
hypoechoic
59
enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by
BPH
60
Zinner syndrome consist of
unilateral renal agenesis
ejaculatury duct obstruction
seminal vesicle cyst
61
the appearance of a torsed testicular appendage that can be observed as a blue dot just under the skin surface
blue dot sign
62
small benign mass within the testicle that contains keratin
epidermoid cyst
63
paired erectile tissues of the penis
coropora cavernosa
64
a sexually transmitted disease that can lead to infection of the genitals
chlamydia
65
the muscle that raises the testis
cremaster muscle
66
the tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicles
ductus (vas) deferens
67
a cyst located anywhere along the length of the epididymis
epididymal cyst
68
the condition of having an undescended testis or testicles
cryptorchidism
69
a coiled structure that is attached to the testicle and the posterior scrotal wall that is responsible for storing sperm
epididymis
70
inflammation of all or part of the epididymis
epididymitis
71
a collection of blood within the scrotum
hematocele
72
a condition that results from the arterial blood supply to the testicle being cut off secondary to the twisting of the testicular axis
testicular torsion
73
structure that is formed by the tunica albuginea and contains the rete testis
mediastinum testis
74
inflammation of the testis
orchitis
75
the largest zone of the prostate
peripheral zone
76
having more than two testicle
polyorchidim
77
a network of tubes that carry sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis
rete testis
78
a fluid that contains secretions from the testicles, seminal vesicles and prostate gland
semen
79
small glands located superior to the prostate gland and posterior to the base of the bladder, which secrete an alkaline based fluid
seminal vesicle
80
the structure that travels through the inguinal canal and contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph nodes and the cremaster muscle
spermatic cord
81
location of spermatogenesis within the testicles
seminiferous tubules
82
a common cyst found most often in the head of the epididymis that is composed of nonviable sperm, fat, cellular debris, and lymphocytes
spermatocele
83
the production of sperm
spermatogenesis
84
dense connective tissue that is closely applied to each testicle; it is also located within the penis
tunica albuginea
85
structure that separates the scrotum into two separate compartments internally
tunica dartos
86
paired serous coatings of the testis
tunica vaginalis
87
a form of male contraception in which the vas deferens is surgically interrupted to prohibit the flow of sperm from the testis
vasectomy
88
gland that secretes pre ejactulatory fluid that lubricated the penile urethra before ejaculation
bulbourethral gland
89
component of the erectile tissue of the penis that contains the urethra
corpus spongiosum
90
a type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads; may be found outside the reproductive tract
germ cell tumor
91
the presence of blood in the semen
hematospermai
92
normal passageway in the lower anterior abdomen wall that allows for the passage of the spermatic cord into the scrotum
inguinal canal
93
a condition in which a male has an extra x chromosome
Klinefelter syndrom
94
characteristic features of Klinefelter syndrome
small testicles
infertility
gynecomastia
long legs
abnormally low intelligence
95
an anomaly where left renal vein entrapment occurs between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta
Nutcracker syndrome
96
group of veins in the spermatic cord
pampiniform plexus
97
the buildup of fibrous plaque (scar tissue) and calcifications within the penis that results in a painful curvature
Peyronie disease
98
a protein produced by the prostate gland
PSA
99
a pus collection within the scrotum
pyocele
100
extratesticular calculus
scrotal pearl
101
the cystic dilation and formation of cyst within the rete testis
tubular ectasia of the rete testis
102
the testicular appendage located between the head of the epididymis and the superior pole of the testis
appendix testis
103
the testicular appendage located at the head of the epididymis
appendix epididymis
104
the benign enlargement of the prostate gland
benign prostatic hyperplasia
105
the condition in which the patient lacks the normal posterior fixation of the testis and epididymis to the scrotal wall
"Bell-Clapper" deformity
106
Deep layer of fascia that covers the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of the penis
buck fascia
107
hormone typically only produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta; may also be used as a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males
human chorionic gonadotropic (hcG)
108
The protrusion of bowel or abdominal contents through the inguinal canal
inguinal hernia
109
performed by attempting to forcibly exhale while keeping the mouth and nose closed
valsalva maneuver
110
elevated area within the prostatic urethra at which the ejaculatory ducts meet the urethra
verumontanum
111
reproductive duct that extends from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
112
superior portion of the prostate gland, which is located below the inferior margin of the urinary bladder
base
113
calculi found within the urethra
exogenous calculi
114
calcifications commonly seen in the inner gland of the prostate
corpora amylacea
115
inferior portion of the prostate gland, which is located superior to the urogenital diaphragm
apex
116
a longitudinal ridge within the prostatic urethral wall where the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts are located on either side
verumontanum
117
calculi formation within the substance of the prostate
endogenous calculi
118
shadowing created by calcification in the area of the urethra and verumontanum
Eiffel tower sign
119
a pair of tubular glands which extend from outpouching of the vas deferens
seminal vesicles
120
demarcation between the inner gland and the outer gland, which normally appears hypoechoic
surgical capsule
121
duct that passes through the central zone and empties into the urethra; originates from the combination of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle
ejaculatory ducts
122
Which structure travels within the central zone of the prostate gland and joins the urethra?
ejaculatory duct
123
Which of the following is NOT a zone within the glandular tissue of the prostate gland?
a. peripheral zone
b. epithelial zone
c. central zone
d. periuretheral zone
b
124
Which of the glandular zones of the prostate is the largest?
peripheral zone
125
In which zone does prostate cancer and prostatitis most often occur?
peripheral zone
126
Your patient presents for a sonography examination to evaluate for benign prostatic hypertrophy. Which zone is most affected by BPH?
transition zone
127
Which blood test is used to identify men at an increased risk of prostate cancer?
PSA
128
The apex of the prostate is located inferior to the verumontanum and is made up predominantly of which zone?
peripheral zone
129
The base of the prostate is located superior to the verumontanum and is made up predominantly of which zone?
central zone
130
Which of the following cysts is associated with genital anomalies such as hypospadias?
a. Mullerian duct cyst
b. utricle cyst
c. seminal vesicle cyst
d. prostatic cyst
b
131
Which of the following cysts will contain spermatozoa?
a. Mullerian duct cyst
b. utricle cyst
c. seminal vesicle cyst
d. prostatic cyst
c
132
A diabetic patient presents with fever, urinary frequency, low back pain, and hematuria. While scanning the prostate gland, you notice a focal complex area that has increased blood flow. What is the most likely diagnosis given the patient's history?
prostatic abscess
133
What is the most common symptomatic condition to affect the prostate gland>
BPH
134
You patient states that he has had a transurethral resection or TURP procedure. What condition does this procedure treat?
BPH
135
Which of the following statements regarding BPH is FALSE?
a. BPH is commonly seen in men over the age of 40 with a peak incidence around 60
b. BPH causes the prostate to appear more rounded than normal
c. BPH affects the central zone of the prostate
d. BPH causes urinary symptoms of frequency, nocturia, and difficulty starting a steam
c
136
What is the sonographic appearance of the prostate gland in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia?
hypo-hyperechoic
heterogeneous
137
Where does the corpora amylacea occur most often?
posterior segment of the prostate
138
Patients with prostate cancer may present with which of the following symptoms?
a. an abnormal PSA level
b. an abnormal DRE
c. bladder outlet obstruction
d. patients may present with all of the above symptoms
d
139
A definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer can be made by which of the following procedures?
a. DRE
b. TRUS
c. ultrasound-guided biopsy
d. PSA level
c
140
What is the predictive value of TRUS alone for diagnosing prostate cancer?
less than 10 percent
141
Which of the following statements regarding the sound-guided prostate biopsy is TRUE?
a. Prostate biopsy is only performed if a discrete lesion can be identified with ultrasound
b. the method of choice is the transperineal approach
c. Prostate biopsy is commonly done at known sites of anatomic weakness
d. Prostate biopsy is routinely done from a transabdominal approach with a full urinary bladder
c
