Abdomen 2 final Retroperitoneum review

Question 1

which of the following is not a retroperitoneal compartment?
a. anterior pararenal space
b. perirenal space
c. posterior parietal space
d. posterior pararenal space

Answer 1

c

Question 2

which retroperitoneal space contains no organs?

Answer 2

posterior pararenal space

Question 3

which of the following is NOT found within the anterior pararenal space?
a. pancreas
b. adrenal glands
c. ascending colon
d. distal CBD

Answer 3

b

Question 4

which of the following is NOT found within the perirenal space?
a. kidneys
b. great vessels
c. adrenal glands
d. pancreas

Answer 4

d

Question 5

what lymph nodes are located surrounding the major blood vessels of the retroperitoneum?

Answer 5

parietal lymph nodes

Question 6

Parietal nodes can be found in the retroperitoneum do NOT surround which of the following vessels?
a. portal vein
b. celiac axis
c. internal iliac artery
d. superior mesenteric artery

Answer 6

a

Question 7

What lymph nodes are located along the small bowel and mesentery?

Answer 7

lacteals

Question 8

Lymph nodes affected by lymphadenitis typically do NOT have which of the following characteristics?
a. ovoid shape
b. loss of the fatty hilum
c. hyperemia
d. larger than normal

Answer 8

b

Question 9

primary malignant lymph nodes do NOT have which of the following characteristics?
a. more hypoechoic
b. round shape
c. loss of the fatty hilum
d. hyperemia

Answer 9

d

Question 10

which of the following statements regarding lymphadenopathy and AIDS is false?
a. enlarged lymph nodes appear hyperechoic with a loss of the fatty hilum
b. enlarged lymph nodes appear hypoechoic and bowel wall thickening may also be seen
c. lymph nodes in patients with tuberculosis may appear anechoic due to necrosis
d. patients with AIDS may develop Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma

Answer 10

a

Question 11

which of the following is NOT a malignant tumor of the retroperitoneum?
a. liposarcoma
b. rhabdomyosarcoma
c. myxosarcoma
d. retroperitoneal fibrosis

Answer 11

d

Question 12

what is the most common primary malignancy of the retroperitoneum?

Answer 12

liposarcoma

Question 13

what is the sonographic appearance of liposarcomas?

Answer 13

extremely large, poorly marginated, complex retroperitoneal mass

Question 14

what is the most common site for retroperitoneal infections?

Answer 14

anterior pararenal space

Question 15

what is the most common cause of posterior pararenal fluid collections?

Answer 15

abscess or hemorrhage from aortic disease

Question 16

Your patient presents with a history of pancreatitis to rule out the presence of a pseudocyst. Which retroperitoneal compartment would contain a pseudocyst?

Answer 16

anterior pararenal space

Question 17

a patient presents with a history of left ureteropelvic junction obstruction. A fluid collection is seen surrounding the left kidey. What is the likely diagnosis of the fluid collection?

Answer 17

urinoma

Question 18

while performing an abdominal examination on a patient, you suspect the lymph nodes surrounding the great vessels are enlarged. What is the normal measurement for the lymph nodes in this location?

Answer 18

less than 10 mm

Question 19

which retroperitoneal compartment contains the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles?

Answer 19

posterior pararenal space

Question 20

while performing an abdominal sonogram you notice multiple rounded hypoechoic structures in the splenic and left renal hilum. These structures appear to be distorting the surrounding blood vessels. What is the most likely diagnosis ?

Answer 20

lymphadenopathy

Question 21

Where is the retroperitoneum located?

Answer 21

between the parietal peritoneum and the anterior transversalis fascia

Question 22

which statement describes the posterior pararenal space?
a. it contains the pancreas and the ascending and descending colong
b. it is between renal fascia and transversalis fascia and contains fat
c. it contains the kidney, the renal vessels, the adrenal gland, perinephric fat, aorta, and inferior vena cava
c. it contains organs and fat

Answer 22

b

Question 23

which statement describes the anterior pararenal space?
a. it is bordered anteriorly by the anterior renal fascia
b. it contains the pancreas and the ascending and descending colon
c. it is between the renal fascia and transversalis fascia and contains fat
d. it contains the kidney, the renal vessels, the adrenal gland, perinephric fat, aorta, and inferior vena cava

Answer 23

b

Question 24

what lymph nodes around the aorta and inferior vena cava provide the most reliable indicator of lymphadenopathy?

Answer 24

posterior

Question 25

what pathology describes the enlargement of lymph nodes caused by inflammation, primary neoplasia, or metastasis?

Answer 25

lymphadenopathy

Question 26

what is the typical sonographic appearance of enlarged lymph nodes?

Answer 26

oval with low- to medium-level echo pattern

Question 27

what is the most common type of soft tissue malignant tumor that can occur in fatty tissue anywhere in the body but are most frequently seen in the extremities and the retroperitoneal tissues?

Answer 27

liposarcomas

Question 28

what is a common neoplasm associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome?

Answer 28

lymphoma

Question 29

what may fuse together to form a lobulated mantle-like soft tissue mass anterior to the great vessels?

Answer 29

enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes

Question 30

the distal CBD can be located embedded in which retroperitoneal compartment?

Answer 30

anterior pararenal space

Question 31

why should a sonographer select a lower frequency with either an anterior or coronal scanning approach?

Answer 31

obtain best penetration

Question 32

Solid masses are usually _____ in the retroperitoneum.

Answer 32

metastic

Question 33

Most common primary malignancy of the retroperitoneum.

Answer 33

liposarcoma

Question 34

what develop as an extension from an adjacent organ such as renal infection, diverticulitis, and Chron's disease?

Answer 34

retroperitoneal abscess

Question 35

what can happen because of a tear in the urinary collecting system?

Answer 35

urinoma

Question 36

Fluid collections in the posterior pararenal space are most commonly associated with what?

Answer 36

aortic disease

Question 37

The anterior pararenal space contains a portion of?

Answer 37

digestive tract, pancreas, distal CBD

Question 38

What is a smooth muscle tumor and is the 2nd most common primary malignancy?

Answer 38

leiomyosarcoma

Question 39

a pocket of infection typically containing pus, blood, and degenerating tissue

Answer 39

abscess

Question 40

enlargement of lymph nodes due to inflammation, primary neoplasia, or metastasis

Answer 40

adenopathy

Question 41

fluid, such as blood, bile, or urine, that is forced out or leaks out of its normal vessel into the surrounding tissues or potential spaces

Answer 41

extravasate

Question 42

a thin sheet-like tissue that separates musclss

Answer 42

fascia

Question 43

a term used to describe the aorta and IVC together

Answer 43

great vessels

Question 44

an extravasated collection of blood localized within a potential space or tissues

Answer 44

hematome

Question 45

blood borne virus that attacks T lymphocytes resulting in their destruction or impairment eventually leading to AIDS

Answer 45

HIV

Question 46

Distortion or displacement of normal anatomy due to a mass, neoplasm, or fluid collection

Answer 46

mass effect

Question 47

the spread of cancer from the site at which it first arose to a distant site

Answer 47

metastasis

Question 48

planes that are perpendicular or 90 degrees to each other

Answer 48

orthogonal

Question 49

a new growth of benign or malignant origin

Answer 49

primary neoplasm

Question 50

an extravasated urine collection due to a tear of the urinary collecting system

Answer 50

urinoma

Question 51

extravasated lymphatic fluid within the retroperitoneum

Answer 51

lymphocele

Question 52

primary modality for evaluating the retroperitoneal cavity

Answer 52

CT

Question 53

What lymph nodes are located surrounding the major blood vessels of the retroperitoneum?

Answer 53

parietal lymph nodes

Question 54

what lymph nodes are located along the small bowel and mesentery?

Answer 54

lacteals

Question 55

what is the most common primary malignancy of the retroperitoneum?

Answer 55

liposarcoma

Question 56

What is the sonographic appearance of a liposarcoma?

Answer 56

extremely large, poorly marginated, complex retroperitoneal mass

Question 57

what is the most common site for retroperitoneal infections?

Answer 57

anterior pararenal space

Question 58

what is the most common cause of posterior pararenal collections?

Answer 58

abscess or hemorrhage from aortic disease

Question 59

the area that lies behind the peritoneal membrance is referred to as the

Answer 59

retroperitoneum

Question 60

the retroperitoneum lies between the parietal peritoneum and anterior to the

Answer 60

transverse fascia

Question 61

lymph nodes are located 360 degrees around the great vessels. The nodes that lie posterior to the great vessels may displace the aorta and IVC _____ when enlarged.

Answer 61

anteriorly

Question 62

a fluid collection that may occur following lymph node dissection for cancer staging

Answer 62

lymphocele

Question 63

Retroperitoneal fluid collections include:

Answer 63

abscess, hematoma, urinoma, lymphocele

Question 64

Fluid collections within the perirenal space are generally associated with _____ abnormalities.

Answer 64

renal

Question 65

an enlargment of lymph nodes due to an inflammatory process is called

Answer 65

lymphadenitis

Question 66

the second most common primary retroperitoneal malignany is

Answer 66

leiomyosarcoma

Question 67

Malignant tumors tend to be _____ and more _____ than their benign counterparts

Answer 67

larger complex

Question 68

The major compartments of the retroperitoneum

Answer 68

anterior pararenal space perirenal or perinephric space posterior pararenal space

Question 69

The anterior pararenal space is bordered anteriorly by the _____ ______ ______ and posteriorly by the _____ ______ ______.

Answer 69

posterior parietal peritoneum anterior perirenal fascia

Question 70

The perirenal space is bordered anteriorly by the _____ and posteriorly by the _____.

Answer 70

anterior renal fascia posterior renal fascia

Question 71

The posterior renal space lies between the _____ and the _____.

Answer 71

posterior renal fascia transversalis fascia

Question 72

Solid masses found in the retroperitoneum are usually _____ and most frequently involve the _____.

Answer 72

metastatic lymph nodes

Question 73

On color or power Doppler, lymphadenitis demonstrates

Answer 73

hyperemia

Question 74

Primary malignant nodes tend to become more ____ to _____ and round shaped with a length to width ratio of less than two

Answer 74

hypoechoic anechoic

Question 75

______ is a very common finding in patients with AIDS

Answer 75

lymphadenopathy

Question 76

Chronic inflammatory process that results in fibrous tissue proliferation affecting and encasing the great vessels, ureters, and lymphatics of the retroperitoneum

Answer 76

retroperitoneal fibrosis

Question 77

Primary malignancies of the retroperitoneum include:

Answer 77

liposarcoma leiomyosarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma myxosarcoma fibrosarcoma

Question 78

Most common primary malignancy of the retroperitoneum, representing 95% of all fatty retroperitoneal tumors

Answer 78

liposarcoma

Question 79

Most common site for retroperitoneal infections is

Answer 79

anterior pararenal space

Question 80

Sonographically, enlarged lymph nodes typically appear as

Answer 80

oval to round shaped masses with a low to medium level echo patter

Question 81

Sonographically primary malignant nodes tend to be

Answer 81

more hypoechoic to anechoic, more round than oval in shape, asymmetric cortical widening and loss of normal fatty hilum

Question 82

A distortion or displacement of normal anatomy due to a mass, neoplasm, or fluid collection

Answer 82

mass effect

Question 83

Which retroperitoneal space contains no organs?

Answer 83

posterior pararenal space

Question 84

what are lymph nodes that are found surrounding the major blood vessels of the retroperitoneum?

Answer 84

parietal lymph nodes

Question 85

what are lymph nodes found along the small bowel and mesentery called?

Answer 85

lacteals

Question 86

What is the most common cause of posterior pararenal fluid collections?

Answer 86

Abscess or hemorrhage from aortic disease

Question 87

which retroperitoneal compartment would contain a pseudocyst?

Answer 87

anterior pararenal space

Question 88

A fluid collection is seen surrounding the left kidney. What is the likely diagnosis of the fluid collection?

Answer 88

urinoma

Question 89

what is the normal measurement for lymph nodes surrounding the great vessels

Answer 89

less than 10 mm

Question 90

which retroperitoneal compartment contains the psoas and quadrates lumborum muscles?

Answer 90

posterior pararenal space

Question 91

Sonographic findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis

Answer 91

large, hypoechoic mass surrounding the abdominal aorta

Question 92

indicate the two primary functions of lymph nodes

Answer 92

filter lymph immune surveillance

Question 93

what structures functions to filter lymph

Answer 93

lymph nodes

Question 94

Lymphatic _____ drain into the subclavian veins

Answer 94

ducts

Question 95

What cell type has receptors on their surface that enables them to recognize nonself antigens

Answer 95

lymphocytes

Question 96

Malignant smooth muscle tumors in uterus and GI tract

Answer 96

leiomyosarcomas

Question 97

Dense, fibrous sheets of connective tissue extending from the perirenal space to dome of bladder

Answer 97

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Question 98

Best diagnostic toll for Cystic masses/ retroperitoneal fluid collections is?

Answer 98

FNA

Question 99

Abscess presents with

Answer 99

leukocytosis fever point tenderness

Question 100

urinoma is due to:

Answer 100

trauma obstruction renal transplant

Question 101

sonographic appearance of benign lymph node pathology is

Answer 101

echogenic lymph node with fatty hilum

Question 102

adenopathy is secondary to lymphoma is usually _____ in appearance

Answer 102

sonolucent

Question 103

adenopathy secondary to metastatic disease is usually ______.

Answer 103

complex

Question 104

the fluid that enters the lymphatic plexus is referred to as

Answer 104

lymph

Question 105

In the retroperitoneum, lymph nodes are usually divided into

Answer 105

deep abdominal (or parietal) lymph nodes Superficial abdominal (or visceral) lymph nodes

Question 106

lymph nodes encircling the aorta or IVC or both are considered abnormal in size if they are greater than

Answer 106

>10

Question 107

the anterior pararenal space contains portions of the :

Answer 107

digestive tract pancreas distal common bile duct

Question 108

The perirenal space contains the:

Answer 108

kidneys adrenal glands perinephric fat aorta IVC

Question 109

The posterior pararenal space contains

Answer 109

no organs, only fat

Question 110

retroperitoneal infections most commonly occur in the ________ space as a result of appendicitis, bowel inflammation, trauma, or pancreatitis

Answer 110

anterior pararenal

Question 111

Fluid collections in the _____ are generally associated with renal abnormalities such as nephritis, ruptured renal artery aneurysm, or bleeding from a renal neoplasm

Answer 111

perirenal space

Question 112

Fluid collections in the _______ space are most commonly associated with aortic disease and may include hemorrhage from rupture or infection from surgical procedures

Answer 112

posterior pararenal

Question 113

Which retroperitoneal compartment contains the pancreas, the ascending colon, and the descending colon?

Answer 113

anterior pararenal space

Question 114

Which lymphatic nodes are located in the retroperitoneum?

Answer 114

Mesenteric

Question 115

What pathology describes the enlargement of lymph nodes caused by inflammation, primary neoplasia, or metastasis?

Answer 115

Lymphadenopathy

Question 116

Which echo pattern is usually seen with primary malignant nodes like those seen with lymphoma?

Answer 116

Round shaped, hypoechoic to anechoic

Question 117

what is the extent of the retroperitoneum?

Answer 117

From the diaphragm superiorly to the pelvic brim inferiorly

Question 118

what is the primary difference in the sonographic appearance between retroperitoneal fibrosis and para-aortic lymphadenopathy?

Answer 118

Renal fascia is less echogenic and smaller