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Abdomen 2 > Abdomen 2 final review breast > Flashcards

Abdomen 2 final review breast Flashcards

1
Q

anatomic layers of the breast

A

skin line
subcuteaneous fat layer
mammary layer
retromammary layer
pectoralis major muscle

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2
Q

fatty component of the breast

A

subcuteaneous layer

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3
Q

ducts of the breast

A

breast ducts

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4
Q

fibrous component of the breast

A

Cooper ligament

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5
Q

contains glandular tissues, ducts, and connective tissues

A

mammary layer

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6
Q

hormone that stimulates contraction of the lactiferous ducts for milk secretion

A

oxytocin

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7
Q

hormone that stimulates the development of breast lobules and alveoli for lactation

A

progesterone

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8
Q

ampulla for each lactiferous duct near the nipple where milk can be stored

A

Montgomery’s gland

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9
Q

grape-shaped secretory portions of a gland

A

acini

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10
Q

contains skin and subcutaneous fat

A

subcuteaneous layer

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11
Q

hormone that stimulates breast tissue development

A

estrogen

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12
Q

ducts in the parenchyma of the breast that secrete milk after pregnancy

A

alveoli

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13
Q

glandular tissue elements within mammary lobules

A

lactiferous ducts

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14
Q

contains retromammary fat, muscle, and deep connective tissues

A

retromammary layer

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15
Q

fingerlike extension of a malignant tumor

A

spiculation

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16
Q

technique used to locate a palpable mass with sonography

A

echopalpatation

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17
Q

pigmented skin around the nipple

A

areola

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18
Q

coexistent cancers within different quadrants or separated by more than 5 cm within the breast

A

multicentric breast cancer

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19
Q

first node in the drainage basin and at most risk for metastasis

A

sentinel node

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20
Q

enlarged lymph nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

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21
Q

technique that compares the relative stiffness of a mass compared to the adjacent tissues

A

elastography

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22
Q

armpit, significant because it contains the lymph nodes that drain the breast tissue

A

axilla

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23
Q

functional unit of the breast, composed of a lobule and its draining extralobular terminal duct

A

TDLU

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24
Q

thin connective tissue bands that connect breast tissue to the skin and provide structural support to the breast

A

Cooper’s ligaments

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25
Q

Breast imaging and reporting data system published by the ACR in an effort to promote the use of more consistent terminology

A

BIRADS

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26
Q

Noninvasive breast cancer

A

in situ

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27
Q

the presence of additional malignant lesions within a breast quadrant or within 5 cm of the primary tumor, indicating the spread of cancer via the ducts

A

multifocal breast cancer

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28
Q

fibroelastic, reactive fibrosis that occurs in the tissues surrounding many malignant breast lesions

A

desmoplastic reaction

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29
Q

zonal anatomy of the breast

A

skin
premammary zone
mammary zone
retromammary zone
pectoralis major muscle

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30
Q

transducer scan plans of the breast

A

transverse and sagittal
radial and antiradial

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31
Q

4 quadrants of the breast

A

right upper outer quadrant
right upper inner quadrant
right lower outer quadrant
right lower inner quadrant
(left is same as right)

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32
Q

Which of the following statements regarding mammography is false?

A

mammography can easily detect lesions in a dense breast tissue

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33
Q

which of the following statements regarding breast sonography is false?

A

sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications

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34
Q

what is the functional unit of the breast?

A

terminal ductal lobular unit

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35
Q

where is the majority of the glandular tissue of the breast found?

A

upper outer quadrant

36
Q

what attaches the breast tissue to the skin?

A

Cooper’s ligament

37
Q

The majority of breast lymph drains into what nodes?

A

axillary nodes

38
Q

which breast layer is located between the anterior and posterior mammary fascia?

A

mammary layer

39
Q

an intramammary lymph node is identified during a breast sonography examination. What is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?

A

less than 1 cm

40
Q

According to ACR and AIUM guidelines, which of the following transducers is appropriate to use for breast sonography?

A

12 MHz linear array

41
Q

Which of the following can help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography?

A

harmonic imaging
spatial compounding
broad bandwidth transducers

42
Q

what is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35 to 50 years of age?

A

breast cysts

43
Q

A patient with a simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which classification?

44
Q

A patient presents for breast sonography after a lesion was seen on a mammogram. A cyst that does not meet all the criteria for a simple cyst is found that correlates to the area seen on mammography. Which of the following characteristics would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes?

A

echoes along the wall of the cyst that do not change with patient positioning

45
Q

what is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women>

A

galactocele

46
Q

a patient presents with a history of breast surgery to remove a benign lesion. While scanning over the incision site, you suspect you are imaging the postsurgical scar. What is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?

A

hypoechoic area with acoustic shadowing that is reduced or eliminated with transducer pressure

47
Q

what is the most common benign tumor of the female breast?

A

fibroadenoma

48
Q

what is the most common noninvasive breast cancer?

49
Q

Which of the following is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?

A

Paget disease

50
Q

what is the most common breast cancer?

51
Q

what is the most common male breast abnormality?

A

gynecomastia

52
Q

which of the following statements is true regarding elastography of the breast?

A

a cancer will tend to be larger on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image

53
Q

which of the following is NOT a sonographic characteristic of a benign mass?

A

taller than wide

54
Q

which of the following characteristics make a mass suspicious for malignancy?

A

angular or spiculated margins
nipple retraction
shadowing

55
Q

a mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on both mammography and sonography with multiple suspiscious features would be classified as

56
Q

which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and does not invade the basement membraine?

57
Q

three layers fascial planes

A

subcuteaneous fat
mammary layer
retromammary fat layer

58
Q

Within the mammary layer are ______ overlapping lobes arranged in a radial fashion around the nipple. Each lobe contains ________ TDLUs

A

15-20
20-40

59
Q

Normal skin thickness in the breast is ____ mm or less

60
Q

The _________ layer lies between the posterior mammary fascia and the pectoralis major muscle.

A

retromammary fat

61
Q

The CC or ______ view demonstrates the _____, central, and ______ breast.

A

craniocaudal
medial
lateral

62
Q

The MLO or ________ view demonstrates the breast in a profile from the _____ to the _______ fold and includes a portion of the pectoralis muscle.

A

medial lateral oblique
axilla
inframammary

63
Q

the most common benign diffuse breast condition

A

fibrocystic change

64
Q

inflammation of the breast

65
Q

a condition that is the result of inflammatory and ischemic processes, frequently the consequence of breast trauma

A

fat necrosis

66
Q

a palpable, oval, well-circumscribed, solid mass that is enlarging in pregnancy

A

lactating adenoma

67
Q

1 in ___ women will develop breast cancer within their life

68
Q

Most cancers originate from where?

69
Q

the _______ quadrant is the most likely location for breast cancer to develop

A

upper outer

70
Q

a technique using power Doppler in which a patient is asked to hum during real time imaging.

A

vocal fremitus

71
Q

What is the functional unit of the breast?

A

terminal ductal lobular unit

72
Q

Where does most lymph drainage from the breast occur?

A

axillary lymph nodes

73
Q

What characteristic defines the malignant appearing masses versus a benign fibroadenoma?

A

lobulated irregular margins

74
Q

What is the anatomic location of the breast?

A

bordered superiorly by the second and third ribs

75
Q

what term describes the rare occurence of a complete accessory breast?

A

polymastia

76
Q

what ligaments serve as a connective tissue bands that connect the breast tissue to the skin?

77
Q

what condition has symptoms of bilateral breast pain or tenderness, fullness, and nodularity which increase before menses?

A

fibrocystic changes

78
Q

what is the most likely explanation of a 32 year old woman with a painless lump in the left breast if the sonography examination documents a well-encapsulated, ovoid 1.2 mass that has a homogeneous, hypoechoic pattern with a thin halo?

A

fibroadenoma

79
Q

what is the likely benign disease for a 28 year old woman who is breastfeeding and the sonographic findings include a diffuse mottled mass with dense breast tissue, a red tender breast, some posterior enhancement, and there are low-level internal echoes.

80
Q

what is the most common location for the genesis of most benign and malignant breast diseases?

A

upper outer quadrant

81
Q

what is usually the first site of metastic spread from a primary breast cancer?

A

ipsilateral axillary nodes

82
Q

what is the most common breast abnormality in males?

A

gynecomastia

83
Q

the thickness of the acoustic offset should not exceed how many centimeters when it is used as an acoustic standoff between the transducer and the breast?

84
Q

what is the most common breast cancer?

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

85
Q

which doppler patterns are strong indicators of cancer?

A

increased penetrating vessels

86
Q

which process involves implanting of a radiation source within the breast at or near a lumpectomy site?

A

brachytherapy

87
Q

which tissue is considered a “high strain” tissue?

Abdomen 2 (9 decks)

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