Abdomen 2 final review breast Flashcards
anatomic layers of the breast
skin line
subcuteaneous fat layer
mammary layer
retromammary layer
pectoralis major muscle
fatty component of the breast
subcuteaneous layer
ducts of the breast
breast ducts
fibrous component of the breast
Cooper ligament
contains glandular tissues, ducts, and connective tissues
mammary layer
hormone that stimulates contraction of the lactiferous ducts for milk secretion
oxytocin
hormone that stimulates the development of breast lobules and alveoli for lactation
progesterone
ampulla for each lactiferous duct near the nipple where milk can be stored
Montgomery’s gland
grape-shaped secretory portions of a gland
acini
contains skin and subcutaneous fat
subcuteaneous layer
hormone that stimulates breast tissue development
estrogen
ducts in the parenchyma of the breast that secrete milk after pregnancy
alveoli
glandular tissue elements within mammary lobules
lactiferous ducts
contains retromammary fat, muscle, and deep connective tissues
retromammary layer
fingerlike extension of a malignant tumor
spiculation
technique used to locate a palpable mass with sonography
echopalpatation
pigmented skin around the nipple
areola
coexistent cancers within different quadrants or separated by more than 5 cm within the breast
multicentric breast cancer
first node in the drainage basin and at most risk for metastasis
sentinel node
enlarged lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
technique that compares the relative stiffness of a mass compared to the adjacent tissues
elastography
armpit, significant because it contains the lymph nodes that drain the breast tissue
axilla
functional unit of the breast, composed of a lobule and its draining extralobular terminal duct
TDLU
thin connective tissue bands that connect breast tissue to the skin and provide structural support to the breast
Cooper’s ligaments
Breast imaging and reporting data system published by the ACR in an effort to promote the use of more consistent terminology
BIRADS
Noninvasive breast cancer
in situ
the presence of additional malignant lesions within a breast quadrant or within 5 cm of the primary tumor, indicating the spread of cancer via the ducts
multifocal breast cancer
fibroelastic, reactive fibrosis that occurs in the tissues surrounding many malignant breast lesions
desmoplastic reaction
zonal anatomy of the breast
skin
premammary zone
mammary zone
retromammary zone
pectoralis major muscle
transducer scan plans of the breast
transverse and sagittal
radial and antiradial
4 quadrants of the breast
right upper outer quadrant
right upper inner quadrant
right lower outer quadrant
right lower inner quadrant
(left is same as right)
Which of the following statements regarding mammography is false?
mammography can easily detect lesions in a dense breast tissue
which of the following statements regarding breast sonography is false?
sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications
what is the functional unit of the breast?
terminal ductal lobular unit
where is the majority of the glandular tissue of the breast found?
upper outer quadrant
what attaches the breast tissue to the skin?
Cooper’s ligament
The majority of breast lymph drains into what nodes?
axillary nodes
which breast layer is located between the anterior and posterior mammary fascia?
mammary layer
an intramammary lymph node is identified during a breast sonography examination. What is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?
less than 1 cm
According to ACR and AIUM guidelines, which of the following transducers is appropriate to use for breast sonography?
12 MHz linear array
Which of the following can help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography?
harmonic imaging
spatial compounding
broad bandwidth transducers
what is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35 to 50 years of age?
breast cysts
A patient with a simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which classification?
BI-RADS 2
A patient presents for breast sonography after a lesion was seen on a mammogram. A cyst that does not meet all the criteria for a simple cyst is found that correlates to the area seen on mammography. Which of the following characteristics would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes?
echoes along the wall of the cyst that do not change with patient positioning
what is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women>
galactocele
a patient presents with a history of breast surgery to remove a benign lesion. While scanning over the incision site, you suspect you are imaging the postsurgical scar. What is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?
hypoechoic area with acoustic shadowing that is reduced or eliminated with transducer pressure
what is the most common benign tumor of the female breast?
fibroadenoma
what is the most common noninvasive breast cancer?
DCIS
Which of the following is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?
Paget disease
what is the most common breast cancer?
IDC NOS
what is the most common male breast abnormality?
gynecomastia
which of the following statements is true regarding elastography of the breast?
a cancer will tend to be larger on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image
which of the following is NOT a sonographic characteristic of a benign mass?
taller than wide
which of the following characteristics make a mass suspicious for malignancy?
angular or spiculated margins
nipple retraction
shadowing
a mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on both mammography and sonography with multiple suspiscious features would be classified as
BI-RADS 5
which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and does not invade the basement membraine?
DCIS
three layers fascial planes
subcuteaneous fat
mammary layer
retromammary fat layer
Within the mammary layer are ______ overlapping lobes arranged in a radial fashion around the nipple. Each lobe contains ________ TDLUs
15-20
20-40
Normal skin thickness in the breast is ____ mm or less
2
The _________ layer lies between the posterior mammary fascia and the pectoralis major muscle.
retromammary fat
The CC or ______ view demonstrates the _____, central, and ______ breast.
craniocaudal
medial
lateral
The MLO or ________ view demonstrates the breast in a profile from the _____ to the _______ fold and includes a portion of the pectoralis muscle.
medial lateral oblique
axilla
inframammary
the most common benign diffuse breast condition
fibrocystic change
inflammation of the breast
mastitis
a condition that is the result of inflammatory and ischemic processes, frequently the consequence of breast trauma
fat necrosis
a palpable, oval, well-circumscribed, solid mass that is enlarging in pregnancy
lactating adenoma
1 in ___ women will develop breast cancer within their life
8
Most cancers originate from where?
TDLU
the _______ quadrant is the most likely location for breast cancer to develop
upper outer
a technique using power Doppler in which a patient is asked to hum during real time imaging.
vocal fremitus
What is the functional unit of the breast?
terminal ductal lobular unit
Where does most lymph drainage from the breast occur?
axillary lymph nodes
What characteristic defines the malignant appearing masses versus a benign fibroadenoma?
lobulated irregular margins
What is the anatomic location of the breast?
bordered superiorly by the second and third ribs
what term describes the rare occurence of a complete accessory breast?
polymastia
what ligaments serve as a connective tissue bands that connect the breast tissue to the skin?
Cooper
what condition has symptoms of bilateral breast pain or tenderness, fullness, and nodularity which increase before menses?
fibrocystic changes
what is the most likely explanation of a 32 year old woman with a painless lump in the left breast if the sonography examination documents a well-encapsulated, ovoid 1.2 mass that has a homogeneous, hypoechoic pattern with a thin halo?
fibroadenoma
what is the likely benign disease for a 28 year old woman who is breastfeeding and the sonographic findings include a diffuse mottled mass with dense breast tissue, a red tender breast, some posterior enhancement, and there are low-level internal echoes.
abscess
what is the most common location for the genesis of most benign and malignant breast diseases?
upper outer quadrant
what is usually the first site of metastic spread from a primary breast cancer?
ipsilateral axillary nodes
what is the most common breast abnormality in males?
gynecomastia
the thickness of the acoustic offset should not exceed how many centimeters when it is used as an acoustic standoff between the transducer and the breast?
1 cm
what is the most common breast cancer?
invasive ductal carcinoma
which doppler patterns are strong indicators of cancer?
increased penetrating vessels
which process involves implanting of a radiation source within the breast at or near a lumpectomy site?
brachytherapy
which tissue is considered a “high strain” tissue?
fat
