Abdomen 2 final Gastrointestinal Tract review

Question 1

Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is the

Answer 1

alimentary canal

Question 2

The characteristic appearance of the bowel wall can be described by a term known as the

Answer 2

gut signature

Question 3

True or False

The parietal peritoneum covers the anterior, lateral and posterior walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and forms a closed sac

Answer 3

false

Question 4

The deepest fold of the peritoneal cavity in females is called the:

Answer 4

rectouterine pouch, posterior cul-de-sac, pouch of Douglas

Question 5

The esophagus is a part of the GI tract that can be seen on a lonitiudinal image of the left lobe of the liver, just inferior to the heart and anterior to the aorta. This segment is commonly referred to as the:

Answer 5

esophogastric junction

Question 6

True or False
The visceral layer of the peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominopelvic and the parietal peritoneum covers the organs.

Answer 6

false

Question 7

The space between two layers of peritoneum is known as the peritoneal cavity. It is divided into two parts. Which of the following is one of those parts?
a. greater omentum
b. mediastinum
c. Epoploic foramen
d. lesser sac

Answer 7

d

Question 8

An open window opening between the two parts of the peritoneal cavity is called the:

Answer 8

EPIPLOIC FORAMEN

Question 9

Which of the structures below will be found within the peritoneum?
a. stomach
b. pancreas
c. cecum
d. uterine fundus

Answer 9

b

Question 10

What is the deepest, innermost, mucosal esophageal surface that can be visualized on both endoscopic and transabdominal imaging?

Answer 10

mucosal surface

Question 11

In cases of gastritis, thinning of the mucosa is considered a precursor of what pathology?

Answer 11

gastric carcinoma

Question 12

Chron’s disease primarily affects young adults and affects what anatomic region?

Answer 12

ileum

Question 13

What portion of the duodenum bends and courses inferiorly to the right of the pancreatic head?

Answer 13

second

Question 14

What portion of the GI tract have walls that are thicker and can nearly always be visualized sonographically in the normal patient using a transabdominal scanning approach?

Answer 14

stomach

Question 15

What carcinoma affects more men and elderly with about equal frequency in the middle to lower third of the esophagus?

Answer 15

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 16

Where is the body and antrum of the stomach located relative to the gallbladder and porta hepatitis?

Answer 16

medial

Question 17

Where is the body and antrum of the stomach located relative to the left hepatic lobe?

Answer 17

posterior or inferior

Question 18

Gastric carcinoma arises from what layer of the stomach?

Answer 18

mucosa

Question 19

What portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb?

Answer 19

first

Question 20

What is the most common primary neoplastic lesion of the small bowel?

Answer 20

myomas

Question 21

What region does inflammation usually start with ulcerative colitis that is an inflammatory disease confined to the colonic mucosa and submucosa?

Answer 21

rectal

Question 22

What is the normal wall thickness when the colon is distended to a diameter of greater or equal to 5cm?

Answer 22

2mm to 4 mm thick

Question 23

When would a sonographer expect to see bubbles escape from the bowel?

Answer 23

duodenal bulb perforation

Question 24

failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished motility

Answer 24

ileus

Question 25

abnormal twisting of the intestines that can lead to obstruction, gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis

Answer 25

volvulus

Question 26

difficulty swallowing

Answer 26

dysphagia

Question 27

fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen

Answer 27

appendicolith

Question 28

an erosion in the mucosal layer of the wall of the GI tract

Answer 28

ulcer

Question 29

Rhythmic dilatation and contraction that propels the contents of the GI tract

Answer 29

peristalsis

Question 30

what is the innermost layer of the bowel wall

Answer 30

epithelium

Question 31

what is the most common esophageal cancer most commonly located in the upper and mid esophagus

Answer 31

squamous cell

Question 32

what describes the location of the esophagogastric junction?

Answer 32

Posterior to the left lobe and to the right of the abdominal aorta

Question 33

Where are the layers of the GI wall thickest

Answer 33

stomach

Question 34

what should the bowel wall measure when the stomach is not distended?

Answer 34

4-6 mm

Question 35

where does the inflammation start in Crohn's disease?

Answer 35

submucosa

Question 36

what does crohns disease primarily affect?

Answer 36

ileum

Question 37

what is the most common benign tumor of the small bowel

Answer 37

leiomyoma

Question 38

when performing a sonograph examination, what structure will help located the appendix?

Answer 38

cecum

Question 39

what term describes a positive sign to rebound tenderness and pain located over the area of the appendix

Answer 39

McBurney sign

Question 40

Where do the majority of colon cancers occur

Answer 40

rectum and sigmoid colon

Question 41

which part of the GI tract can be seen curving around the pancreatic head

Answer 41

duodenum

Question 42

The GI tract is, essentially, a _____ foot muscular tube, originating at the mouth and terminating at the anus

Answer 42

30

Question 43

The sonographic structure of the bowel is usually described as five layers: three ______ layers separated by two ______ ones

Answer 43

echogenic hypoechoic

Question 44

The antrum and body of the stomach often appear as a target like structure inferior to ________ on longitudinal sonograms

Answer 44

the left lobe

Question 45

Chronic gastritis may present as enlarged rugal folds with generalized thickening of the _______ layer of the wall

Answer 45

mucosal

Question 46

Sonographically with small bowel obstruction, the bowel loops are typically _______ in cross sectio, and peristalsis can vary from none to markedly increased

Answer 46

perfectly roung

Question 47

telescoping of bowel into itself

Answer 47

insussusception

Question 48

associated with obstruction of the appendiceal lumen

Answer 48

appendicities

Question 49

sonographically, appendicitis appears as a non compressible appendix greater than _____ mm with mucus and possible appendicolith in the appendiceal lumen

Answer 49

6

Question 50

Colon cancer is the _____ leading cause of death from cancer

Answer 50

third

Question 51

what is the advantage of an endoluminal transducer

Answer 51

higher frequencies can be used

Question 52

Crohn's disease primarily affects which age group?

Answer 52

young adults

Question 53

What is formed from the circular muscle fibers that surround the duodenal orifice of the common bile duct

Answer 53

sphincter of oddi

Question 54

what is the primary site for metastasis from gastrointestinal cancer?

Answer 54

liver

Question 55

Which statement best describes intussusception in adults?

Answer 55

occurs in the setting of a tumor

Question 56

What is the sonographic appearance of carcinoid tumor?

Answer 56

sharply marginated hypoechoic masses without acoustic enhancement

Question 57

In cases of gastritis, thinning of the mucosa is considered a precursor of which pathology

Answer 57

gastric carcinoma

Question 58

What portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb?

Answer 58

first

Question 59

failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished motility

Answer 59

ileus

Question 60

abnormal twisting of the intestines that can lead to obstruction, gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis

Answer 60

volvulus

Question 61

difficulty swallowing

Answer 61

dysphagia

Question 62

fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen

Answer 62

appendicloth

Question 63

an erosion in the mucosal layer of the wall of the GI tract

Answer 63

ulcer

Question 64

Rythymic dilatation and contraction that propels the contents of the GI tract

Answer 64

peristalsis

Question 65

which of the following is NOT a layer of the bowel wall? a. lamina propria b. intima media c. muscularis mucosa d. serosa

Answer 65

b

Question 66

What is the innermost layer of the bowel wall?

Answer 66

serosa

Question 67

what is the most common esophageal cancer most commonly located in the upper and mid-esophagus?

Answer 67

squamous cell

Question 68

Which of the following describes the location of the esophagogastric junction? a. posterior to the left lobe and to the right of the abdominal aorta b. posterior to the left lobe and posterior to the abdominal aorta c. posterior to the left lobe and anterior to the aorta d. the esophagogastric junction can never be visualized sonographically

Answer 68

c

Question 69

Where are the layers of the GI tract wall thickest?

Answer 69

stomach

Question 70

What should the bowel wall measure when the stomach is not distended?

Answer 70

4 to 6 mm

Question 71

Where teh inflammation start in Chrohn's disease?

Answer 71

Submucosa

Question 72

Your patient has been referred for an abdominal sonography examination with a history of abdominal pain and Crohn disease. Which of the following does Crohn disease primarily affect? a. ileum b. duodenum c. stomach d. cecum

Answer 72

a

Question 73

Which of the following statements regarding the jejunum and ileum is FALSE? a. The jejunum and ileum lie to the right and left of the abdomen, respectively b. The valvulae conniventes of the mucosa can usually be seen if fluid is present within the loops c. the diameter of the jejunum and ileum should measure less than 3 cm d. Peristalsis should be visualized in the normal small bowel

Answer 73

a

Question 74

Which of the following CANNOT cause an ileus? a. surgery b. spinal fracture c. intussusception d. acute pancreatitis

Answer 74

c

Question 75

A 2 year old patient presents with abdominal pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Sonographically, an echogenic mass is seen in the midline and in the transverse plane it appears to demonstrate multiple concentric rings. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 75

intussusception

Question 76

what is the most common benign tumor of the small bowel

Answer 76

leiomyoma

Question 77

when performing a sonography examination, what structure will help located the appendix?

Answer 77

cecum

Question 78

what term describes to a positive sign to rebound tenderness and pain located over the area of the appendix?

Answer 78

McBurney sign

Question 79

which of the following statements regarding appendicitis is FALSE? a. a calcified appendicloth can help identify an inflamed appendix b. an inflamed appendix will demonstrate hyperemic flow with color or power Doppler c. a noncompressible appendix greater than 6 mm is considered abnormal. d. Sonography cannot visualize a normal appendix

Answer 79

d

Question 80

A 20 year old patient presents with right lower quadrant pain, The sonogram demonstrates an 8mm noncompressible target shaped lesion at the area of the maximum tenderness. A calcification is seen within the lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 80

appendicitis with appendicloth

Question 81

were to the majority of colon cancers occur?

Answer 81

rectum and rectosigmoid colon

Question 82

Your patient complains of abdominal pain; while scanning over the area of tenderness, you locate a loop of bowel with visible haustra. This is characteristic of which part of the GI tract?

Answer 82

large intestine

Question 83

which part of the GI tract can be seen curving around the pancreatic head?>

Answer 83

duodenum

Question 84

A patient presents with abdominal pain and your evaluation reveals multiple dilated fluid-filled small bowel loops with markedly increased peristalsis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 84

bowel obstruction

Question 85

Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is:

Answer 85

alimentary canal

Question 86

The characteristic appearance of the bowel wall can be described by a term known as the

Answer 86

gut signature

Question 87

The parietal peritoneum covers the anterior, lateral, and posterior walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and forms a closed sac.

Answer 87

false

Question 88

The deepest fold of the peritoneal cavity in females is called the

Answer 88

rectouterine pouch posterior cul-de-sac pouch of Douglas

Question 89

The esophagus is part of the GI tract that can be seen on a longitudinal image of the left lobe of the liver, just inferior to the heart and anterior to the aorta. This segment is commonly referred to as the

Answer 89

esophogastric junction

Question 90

The visceral layer of the peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominopelvic and the parietal peritoneum covers the organs

Answer 90

false

Question 91

The space between the two layers of peritoneum is known as the peritoneal cavity. It is divided into two parts. Which of the following is one of those parts? a. greater omentum b. mediastinum c. epiploic foramen d. lesser sac

Answer 91

d

Question 92

An open window opening between the two parts of the peritoneal cavity is called the

Answer 92

epiploic foramen

Question 93

Which of the structures show below will not be found within the peritoneum? a. stomach b. pancreas c. cecum d. uterine fundus

Answer 93

b

Question 94

The part of the GI tract that can be seen curving around the pancreas\

Answer 94

duodenum

Question 95

Squamous cell cancer can present with what symptom?

Answer 95

dysphagia

Question 96

The normal appendix should not measure more than ___ mm in diameter and the wall should not measure more than ____ thick.

Answer 96

6, 2

Question 97

Failure of the intestine to propel its contents owning to diminished motility, and may be caused by peritonitis, spinal fracture, renal colic, acute pancreatitis, bowel ischemia etc.

Answer 97

ileus

Question 98

Fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen is called

Answer 98

appendicloth

Question 99

What is the most common esophageal cancer most commonly located in the upper and mid esophagus

Answer 99

squamous cell

Question 100

Where does inflammation start in Crohn's disease?

Answer 100

submucosa

Question 101

What is the most common benign tumor of the small bowel?

Answer 101

leiomyoma

Question 102

A positive sign to rebound tendernessand pain located over the area of the appendix

Answer 102

McBurney sign

Question 103

Where does the most common cancer occur in the colon?

Answer 103

rectum and rectosigmoid colon