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Abdomen 2 > Abdomen 2 final Gastrointestinal Tract review > Flashcards

Abdomen 2 final Gastrointestinal Tract review Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is the

A

alimentary canal

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2
Q

The characteristic appearance of the bowel wall can be described by a term known as the

A

gut signature

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3
Q

True or False

The parietal peritoneum covers the anterior, lateral and posterior walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and forms a closed sac

A

false

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4
Q

The deepest fold of the peritoneal cavity in females is called the:

A

rectouterine pouch, posterior cul-de-sac, pouch of Douglas

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5
Q

The esophagus is a part of the GI tract that can be seen on a lonitiudinal image of the left lobe of the liver, just inferior to the heart and anterior to the aorta. This segment is commonly referred to as the:

A

esophogastric junction

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6
Q

True or False
The visceral layer of the peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominopelvic and the parietal peritoneum covers the organs.

A

false

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7
Q

The space between two layers of peritoneum is known as the peritoneal cavity. It is divided into two parts. Which of the following is one of those parts?
a. greater omentum
b. mediastinum
c. Epoploic foramen
d. lesser sac

A

d

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8
Q

An open window opening between the two parts of the peritoneal cavity is called the:

A

EPIPLOIC FORAMEN

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9
Q

Which of the structures below will be found within the peritoneum?
a. stomach
b. pancreas
c. cecum
d. uterine fundus

A

b

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10
Q

What is the deepest, innermost, mucosal esophageal surface that can be visualized on both endoscopic and transabdominal imaging?

A

mucosal surface

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11
Q

In cases of gastritis, thinning of the mucosa is considered a precursor of what pathology?

A

gastric carcinoma

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12
Q

Chron’s disease primarily affects young adults and affects what anatomic region?

A

ileum

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13
Q

What portion of the duodenum bends and courses inferiorly to the right of the pancreatic head?

A

second

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14
Q

What portion of the GI tract have walls that are thicker and can nearly always be visualized sonographically in the normal patient using a transabdominal scanning approach?

A

stomach

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15
Q

What carcinoma affects more men and elderly with about equal frequency in the middle to lower third of the esophagus?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Where is the body and antrum of the stomach located relative to the gallbladder and porta hepatitis?

A

medial

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17
Q

Where is the body and antrum of the stomach located relative to the left hepatic lobe?

A

posterior or inferior

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18
Q

Gastric carcinoma arises from what layer of the stomach?

A

mucosa

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19
Q

What portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb?

A

first

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20
Q

What is the most common primary neoplastic lesion of the small bowel?

A

myomas

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21
Q

What region does inflammation usually start with ulcerative colitis that is an inflammatory disease confined to the colonic mucosa and submucosa?

A

rectal

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22
Q

What is the normal wall thickness when the colon is distended to a diameter of greater or equal to 5cm?

A

2mm to 4 mm thick

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23
Q

When would a sonographer expect to see bubbles escape from the bowel?

A

duodenal bulb perforation

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24
Q

failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished motility

A

ileus

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25
Q

abnormal twisting of the intestines that can lead to obstruction, gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis

A

volvulus

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26
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

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27
Q

fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen

A

appendicolith

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28
Q

an erosion in the mucosal layer of the wall of the GI tract

A

ulcer

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29
Q

Rhythmic dilatation and contraction that propels the contents of the GI tract

A

peristalsis

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30
Q

what is the innermost layer of the bowel wall

A

epithelium

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31
Q

what is the most common esophageal cancer most commonly located in the upper and mid esophagus

A

squamous cell

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32
Q

what describes the location of the esophagogastric junction?

A

Posterior to the left lobe and to the right of the abdominal aorta

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33
Q

Where are the layers of the GI wall thickest

A

stomach

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34
Q

what should the bowel wall measure when the stomach is not distended?

A

4-6 mm

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35
Q

where does the inflammation start in Crohn’s disease?

A

submucosa

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36
Q

what does crohns disease primarily affect?

A

ileum

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37
Q

what is the most common benign tumor of the small bowel

A

leiomyoma

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38
Q

when performing a sonograph examination, what structure will help located the appendix?

A

cecum

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39
Q

what term describes a positive sign to rebound tenderness and pain located over the area of the appendix

A

McBurney sign

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40
Q

Where do the majority of colon cancers occur

A

rectum and sigmoid colon

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41
Q

which part of the GI tract can be seen curving around the pancreatic head

A

duodenum

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42
Q

The GI tract is, essentially, a _____ foot muscular tube, originating at the mouth and terminating at the anus

A

30

43
Q

The sonographic structure of the bowel is usually described as five layers: three ______ layers separated by two ______ ones

A

echogenic
hypoechoic

44
Q

The antrum and body of the stomach often appear as a target like structure inferior to ________ on longitudinal sonograms

A

the left lobe

45
Q

Chronic gastritis may present as enlarged rugal folds with generalized thickening of the _______ layer of the wall

A

mucosal

46
Q

Sonographically with small bowel obstruction, the bowel loops are typically _______ in cross sectio, and peristalsis can vary from none to markedly increased

A

perfectly roung

47
Q

telescoping of bowel into itself

A

insussusception

48
Q

associated with obstruction of the appendiceal lumen

A

appendicities

49
Q

sonographically, appendicitis appears as a non compressible appendix greater than _____ mm with mucus and possible appendicolith in the appendiceal lumen

A

6

50
Q

Colon cancer is the _____ leading cause of death from cancer

A

third

51
Q

what is the advantage of an endoluminal transducer

A

higher frequencies can be used

52
Q

Crohn’s disease primarily affects which age group?

A

young adults

53
Q

What is formed from the circular muscle fibers that surround the duodenal orifice of the common bile duct

A

sphincter of oddi

54
Q

what is the primary site for metastasis from gastrointestinal cancer?

A

liver

55
Q

Which statement best describes intussusception in adults?

A

occurs in the setting of a tumor

56
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of carcinoid tumor?

A

sharply marginated hypoechoic masses without acoustic enhancement

57
Q

In cases of gastritis, thinning of the mucosa is considered a precursor of which pathology

A

gastric carcinoma

58
Q

What portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb?

A

first

59
Q

failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished motility

A

ileus

60
Q

abnormal twisting of the intestines that can lead to obstruction, gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis

A

volvulus

61
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

62
Q

fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen

A

appendicloth

63
Q

an erosion in the mucosal layer of the wall of the GI tract

A

ulcer

64
Q

Rythymic dilatation and contraction that propels the contents of the GI tract

A

peristalsis

65
Q

which of the following is NOT a layer of the bowel wall?
a. lamina propria
b. intima media
c. muscularis mucosa
d. serosa

A

b

66
Q

What is the innermost layer of the bowel wall?

A

serosa

67
Q

what is the most common esophageal cancer most commonly located in the upper and mid-esophagus?

A

squamous cell

68
Q

Which of the following describes the location of the esophagogastric junction?
a. posterior to the left lobe and to the right of the abdominal aorta
b. posterior to the left lobe and posterior to the abdominal aorta
c. posterior to the left lobe and anterior to the aorta
d. the esophagogastric junction can never be visualized sonographically

A

c

69
Q

Where are the layers of the GI tract wall thickest?

A

stomach

70
Q

What should the bowel wall measure when the stomach is not distended?

A

4 to 6 mm

71
Q

Where teh inflammation start in Chrohn’s disease?

A

Submucosa

72
Q

Your patient has been referred for an abdominal sonography examination with a history of abdominal pain and Crohn disease. Which of the following does Crohn disease primarily affect?
a. ileum
b. duodenum
c. stomach
d. cecum

A

a

73
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the jejunum and ileum is FALSE?
a. The jejunum and ileum lie to the right and left of the abdomen, respectively
b. The valvulae conniventes of the mucosa can usually be seen if fluid is present within the loops
c. the diameter of the jejunum and ileum should measure less than 3 cm
d. Peristalsis should be visualized in the normal small bowel

A

a

74
Q

Which of the following CANNOT cause an ileus?
a. surgery
b. spinal fracture
c. intussusception
d. acute pancreatitis

A

c

75
Q

A 2 year old patient presents with abdominal pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Sonographically, an echogenic mass is seen in the midline and in the transverse plane it appears to demonstrate multiple concentric rings. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

intussusception

76
Q

what is the most common benign tumor of the small bowel

A

leiomyoma

77
Q

when performing a sonography examination, what structure will help located the appendix?

A

cecum

78
Q

what term describes to a positive sign to rebound tenderness and pain located over the area of the appendix?

A

McBurney sign

79
Q

which of the following statements regarding appendicitis is FALSE?
a. a calcified appendicloth can help identify an inflamed appendix
b. an inflamed appendix will demonstrate hyperemic flow with color or power Doppler
c. a noncompressible appendix greater than 6 mm is considered abnormal.
d. Sonography cannot visualize a normal appendix

A

d

80
Q

A 20 year old patient presents with right lower quadrant pain, The sonogram demonstrates an 8mm noncompressible target shaped lesion at the area of the maximum tenderness. A calcification is seen within the lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

appendicitis with appendicloth

81
Q

were to the majority of colon cancers occur?

A

rectum and rectosigmoid colon

82
Q

Your patient complains of abdominal pain; while scanning over the area of tenderness, you locate a loop of bowel with visible haustra. This is characteristic of which part of the GI tract?

A

large intestine

83
Q

which part of the GI tract can be seen curving around the pancreatic head?>

A

duodenum

84
Q

A patient presents with abdominal pain and your evaluation reveals multiple dilated fluid-filled small bowel loops with markedly increased peristalsis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

bowel obstruction

85
Q

Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is:

A

alimentary canal

86
Q

The characteristic appearance of the bowel wall can be described by a term known as the

A

gut signature

87
Q

The parietal peritoneum covers the anterior, lateral, and posterior walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and forms a closed sac.

A

false

88
Q

The deepest fold of the peritoneal cavity in females is called the

A

rectouterine pouch
posterior cul-de-sac
pouch of Douglas

89
Q

The esophagus is part of the GI tract that can be seen on a longitudinal image of the left lobe of the liver, just inferior to the heart and anterior to the aorta. This segment is commonly referred to as the

A

esophogastric junction

90
Q

The visceral layer of the peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominopelvic and the parietal peritoneum covers the organs

A

false

91
Q

The space between the two layers of peritoneum is known as the peritoneal cavity. It is divided into two parts. Which of the following is one of those parts?
a. greater omentum
b. mediastinum
c. epiploic foramen
d. lesser sac

A

d

92
Q

An open window opening between the two parts of the peritoneal cavity is called the

A

epiploic foramen

93
Q

Which of the structures show below will not be found within the peritoneum?
a. stomach
b. pancreas
c. cecum
d. uterine fundus

A

b

94
Q

The part of the GI tract that can be seen curving around the pancreas\

A

duodenum

95
Q

Squamous cell cancer can present with what symptom?

A

dysphagia

96
Q

The normal appendix should not measure more than ___ mm in diameter and the wall should not measure more than ____ thick.

A

6, 2

97
Q

Failure of the intestine to propel its contents owning to diminished motility, and may be caused by peritonitis, spinal fracture, renal colic, acute pancreatitis, bowel ischemia etc.

A

ileus

98
Q

Fecalith or calcification found in the appendiceal lumen is called

A

appendicloth

99
Q

What is the most common esophageal cancer most commonly located in the upper and mid esophagus

A

squamous cell

100
Q

Where does inflammation start in Crohn’s disease?

A

submucosa

101
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the small bowel?

A

leiomyoma

102
Q

A positive sign to rebound tendernessand pain located over the area of the appendix

A

McBurney sign

103
Q

Where does the most common cancer occur in the colon?

A

rectum and rectosigmoid colon

Abdomen 2 (9 decks)

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