Abdomen 2 final review The Lower Urinary System

Question 1

presence of red blood cells in the urine

Answer 1

hematuria

Question 2

out-pouching of the bladder wall

Answer 2

diverticula

Question 3

procedure in which a scope is used to evaluate the urethra, bladder, and pelvic ureters

Answer 3

cystoscopy

Question 4

irregular bladder wall frequently seen in patients with longstanding obstruction or neurogenic bladder

Answer 4

trabeulated bladder

Question 5

fluoroscopic exam used to evaluate for urinary reflux

Answer 5

VCUG

Question 6

Congenital anomaly in which part of the urinary bladder is located outside the abdominal wall

Answer 6

exstrophy

Question 7

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Answer 7

cystitis

Question 8

The bladder is lined with a mucous membrane. What tissue that allows for expansion makes up this membrane?

Answer 8

transitional epithelium

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding the urethra is FALSE?
a. The female urethra is 3 to 4 cm long and transports urine from the body
b. The male urethra is longer than the female urethra and has double function
c. The internal urethral sphincter is formed by a thickening of the detrusor muscle
d. The external urethral sphincter is formed of skeletal muscle and is under involuntary control

Answer 9

d

Question 10

what term describes the involuntary emptying of the bladder

Answer 10

incontinence

Question 11

what term describes the inability to empty the bladder even when it is full of urine

Answer 11

retention

Question 12

while evaluating the urinary bladder in a patient with a history of lower urinary tract infection, you suspect the bladder wall may be thickened. What is the normal measurement of the bladder wall when it is distended?

Answer 12

less than 3 mm

Question 13

A 26 year old woman presents with dysuria, fever, and pelvic pain. The bladder wall is diffusely thickened and hypoechoic. The kidneys appear normal. What is the most likely cause of these findings?

Answer 13

cystitis

Question 14

while evaluation the bladder with color Doppler, you visualize ureteral jets on the left side but are unable to detect a jet on the right. What might this indicate?

Answer 14

ureteral obstruction

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding bladder diverticula is FALSE?
a. A bladder diverticula will always empty completely with voiding
b. a diverticula may be the result of a chronic bladder obstruction
c. Stones or tumor may occur in a bladder diverticula
d. A large bladder diverticula may mimic an ovarian cyst

Answer 15

a

Question 16

You receive a request to evaluate the urinary system in a male newborn with suspected bladder outlet obstruction. What is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction?

Answer 16

posterior urethral valves

Question 17

Which of the following CANNOT cause bladder outlet obstruction?
a. congenital urethral stricture
b. stone at the ureteropelvic junction
c. ureterocele
d. posterior urethral valves

Answer 17

b

Question 18

What is a condition in which the bladder is herniated through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall called?

Answer 18

bladder exstrophy

Question 19

A female infant presents with a low grade fever and palpable abdominal mass just superior to the urinary bladder. Sonographically, a cystic mass is seen in this area. A connection to the bladder cannot be identified. What does this structure likely represent?

Answer 19

urachal cyst

Question 20

You are performing an examination of the urinary tract on a male infant with a history of urinary tract infections. You visualize a round cystic structure within the bladder lumen. With color Doppler you are able to detect a consistent ureteral jet coming from the area. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 20

Foley catheter in the bladder

Question 21

A patient presents with a history of lower urinary tract infections. The bladder wall appears normal, however, a small echogenic area is seen along the posterior wall of the bladder. Acoustic shadowing is present posterior to the area and the echogenic foci moves with a change in patient position. What does the echogenic foci represent?

Answer 21

a bladder calculi

Question 22

What is of the following statements regarding reflux is FALSE?
a. The vesicoureteral junction normally protects the kidney from the backflow of infected urine
b. The vesicoureteral junction normally allows the flow of urine both into and out of the bladder
c. High-pressure reflux is a major cause of chronic renal failure
d. When reflux is in process, dilation of the ureter may be seen with sonography

Answer 22

b

Question 23

The ureterovesical junction describes what anatomic location?

Answer 23

distal ureter joins the urinary bladder

Question 24

A patient presents with a history of right ureterovesical junction obstruction. Which of the following would NOT be an expected finding?
a. right megaureter
b. right-sided hydronephrosis
c. ectopic ureterocele
d. left-sided hydronephrosis

Answer 24

d

Question 25

On sonographic examination, your patient is noted to have a thickened bladder wall. Which of the following CANNOT cause bladder wall thickening?
a. bladder outlet obstruction
b. neurogenic bladder
c. overhydration
d. cystitis

Answer 25

c

Question 26

What term describes a fluid collection that occurs as a result of bladder trauma?

Answer 26

urinoma

Question 27

What is the most common type of bladder malignancy?

Answer 27

transitional cell carcinoma