Aatahcment - Influence Of Early Years + Animal Studies

Question 1

Bowblys theory - early attachment causes

Answer 1

IWN said infants develop a schema based one on montropic caregivers acting as a template

Question 2

Continuity hypothesis

Answer 2

Individuals future relationships will follow patterns of IWM

Question 3

Hazen and shaver

Answer 3

Adult relationships type is based on attachment type (ainsworth secure insecure avoidant and resistant)

Secure - more socially capable

Question 4

Bowlbys maternal deprivation theory

Answer 4

Children with a disrupted attachment with their primary caregiver in critical period have problems with social emotional intellectual development affecting adult relationships

Question 5

+ Hazan and shaver

Answer 5

“Love quiz” assessed childhood attachment types and adult relationship style

56% secure looks for closeness and independence

25% avoidant avoids intimacy

19% anxious can’t cope well with independence

Correlation study not cause and effect

Question 6

McCarthy

Answer 6

Studied women using strange situation as infants. Adults with long lasting and secure adult friendships and relationships were securely attached to their infant

+ understand origins of IWM practical applications - schools help with children bullying and loneliness - better relationships

Question 7

• Kagan temper

Answer 7

Temperament hypothesis infant + adult relationships are due to inherited temperament high reactivity babies grow in inhibited and anxious adults and low reactive infants grow into outgoing adults

Question 8

• Research

Answer 8

Early attachment research is correlatioval can’t establish cause and effect between early childhood and attachment and later adult relationship style other variables such as poverty

Question 9

Lorenz

Answer 9

Imprinting geese form strong bonds and follow mother after hatching

Procedure = geese eggs randomly divided half to hatched by Lorenz and half with biological mother. He observed the goslings first observation of a moving object

Question 10

Lorenz found

Answer 10

Goslings hatched imprinted on him. He placed all goslings in a box when released those who imprinted on Lorenz found him and continued to follow him

Critical period 32 hours if goslings didn’t see a large moving object to imprint they would lose the ability

Question 11

Lorenz suggest

Answer 11

Imprinting is strong evolutionary biological feature if attachment

Question 12

Lorenz +

Answer 12

Critical period in geese been highly influential - Bowlby based his research and believes it’s similar in infants 6 30 months

However geese and human are different humans don’t imprint therefore hard to generalise findings. Biologically different and humans vary cultural and socially in behaviour

Question 13

Harlow

Answer 13

Cupboard love theory
Babies live mother because they feed them

Question 14

Harlow procedure

Answer 14

Infant monkeys were placed in a cage with two surrogate mothers providing one with wired and food and one with cloth but no food. Time spent with each mother was recorded and which surrogate infant ran to when frightened by noises

Question 15

Harlow found

Answer 15

Infant spend most time with comforting providing mother - clothed and only visiting food mother when needing feed. Returned to cloth when frightened

Question 16

Follow up research Harlow

Answer 16

Maternal deprivation caused results in permanent social disorder

Question 17

Harlow suggests

Answer 17

This type of monkeys have a biological nature need for physical contact
Rejecting the cupboard love theory

Question 18

Harlow +

Answer 18

Contact comfort highly influential Bowlby argues similar infants crave comfort from mothers attempting to form monotropic relationship - promoted further research

However hard to generalise to humans as biological different to monkeys and human vary due to socially and culturally differences in behaviour

Question 19

Unethical

Answer 19

Harlow caused harm intentionally by frightening the infant monkeys and causing high stress levels cage like conditions - public knowledge harmed reputation