Aani Micro: GI & UTIs

Question 1

Where does Salmonella Multiply?

Answer 1

In the Peyer’s Patch

Question 2

Tx of Salmonella?

Answer 2

Ceftriaxone or cipro

Question 3

What special sign do you get with Salmonella typhi?

Answer 3

Rose Spots

Question 4

What are 3 types of salmonella?

Answer 4

Typhi
Paratyphi
Enteritides

Question 5

Which people get Giardia?

Answer 5

Travellers/hikers
MSM
Mental hospital
Playgroup

Question 6

Describe Giardia ?

Answer 6

Pear shaped trophozoites with 2 nuclei (found in stool)

Question 7

Describe the symptoms of Giardia?

Answer 7

Non-bloody but SMELLY diarrhoea

Question 8

Which groups get Entamoeba hystolica?

Answer 8

MSM

Question 9

Describe Entamoeba hystolica?

Answer 9

4 nuclei

Question 10

Tx of entamoeba?

Answer 10

Metronidazole

Question 11

Tx of Giardia ?

Answer 11

Metronidazole

Question 12

Which stain do you do for cryptosporidium? What do you see?

Answer 12

Modified Kinyoun acid fast: see oocytes

Question 13

Tx for cryptosporidium?

Answer 13

Paromomycin

nitazoxinide in non immuno compromised

Question 14

Viral causes of GI disease?

Answer 14

RAN PE
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Norovirus
Polio
Enterovirus

Question 15

What kind of diarrhoea is caused by viruses?

Answer 15

Secretory

Question 16

Describe rotavirus?

Answer 16

Secretory
Wheel like
Seen in kids <6y/o

Question 17

Describe adenovirus?

Answer 17

Secretory
Seen in kids<2y/o
Types 40 and 41

Question 18

Describe norovirus?

Answer 18

Secretory
Adults
Low infection dose needed

Question 19

Which toxins are seen in Vibrio Cholera?

Answer 19

Enterotoxin A and B subunits invade the small bowel

Question 20

Describe symptoms of Vibrio Cholera?

Answer 20

MASSIVE watery diarrhoea/secretory
Rice water stool
Caught from shell fish/human faeces

Question 21

Treatment of Vibrio Cholera?

Answer 21

Dupportive/rehydration

Question 22

Which vibrios are there?

Answer 22

Cholera
Parahaemolyticus
Vulnificus

Question 23

Treatment of different Vibrio types?

Answer 23

Cholera - supportive
Parahaemolyticus - Doxy
Vulnificus - Doxy

Question 24

Where is Vibrio parahaemolyticus found?

Answer 24

Oyesters/sea food- common in Japan

Question 25

What is the shape of Vibrio?

Answer 25

Comma Shaped

Question 26

What is the shape of Listeria monocytogens?

Answer 26

L and V | louis vitton has listeria

Question 27

Describe the symptoms of campylobacter?

Answer 27

Headache/fever prodrome Bloody diarrhoea + foul smelling

Question 28

Which conditions are associated with campylobacter?

Answer 28

``` GBS Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome) ```

Question 29

What is the Tx of Campylobacter?

Answer 29

Cipro/Erythro

Question 30

What is the tx of Listeria?

Answer 30

Ampicillin

Question 31

Which GI infections are anaerobic?

Answer 31

Clostridium: Difficult Breathing Pattern: Clostridium Difficile Botulinum Perfringes

Question 32

Which GI infections are aerobic?

Answer 32

Bacilus Cereus | Staph A

Question 33

Which GI infections are lactose fermenting?

Answer 33

``` E.Coli 5 types; EHEC HUS ETEC EPEC EIEC ```

Question 34

Which GI infections are non lactose fermenting?

Answer 34

Yes Sir Salmon Yersinia Salmonella Shigella

Question 35

Which strain of E.Coli causes haemorrhagic E.Coli?

Answer 35

0157

Question 36

Which strain of E.Coli causes HUS?

Answer 36

0157:H7

Question 37

Describe B.Cereus

Answer 37

Gram positive rods Superantigen Watery diarrhoea Self limiting

Question 38

Describe Staph A

Answer 38

``` Protein A Gram positive tetrads B haemolytic in agar Watery diarrhoea Self Limiting ```

Question 39

Describe Shigella?

Answer 39

Bloody diarrhoea | Shiga enterotocin makes O antigens

Question 40

Describe botulinum?

Answer 40

Blocks Ach release so paralytic: descending paralysis (unlike GBS which is ascending) Ingestion of pre-formed toxins

Question 41

Treatment for botulinum?

Answer 41

Antitoxins

Question 42

Treatment for C.Diff?

Answer 42

ORAL Metronidazole or Vanc

Question 43

Treatment for Perfringes?

Answer 43

Self limiting or bowel resection

Question 44

Describe Yersinia?

Answer 44

Prefers cold temps- refrigerated food, below 4 degrees

Question 45

Why do you get C.Diff?

Answer 45

Often cos of Abx - especially 3Cs: | cephalosporins, clindamycin and Ciprofloxacin. This happens cos C.Diff already exists in normal gut flora

Question 46

What are the symptoms of C.Diff?

Answer 46

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Question 47

Gram stain of MRSA?

Answer 47

Neg

Question 48

Gram stain of E.Coli?

Answer 48

Neg

Question 49

Common organisms that cause hosp acquired UTIs?

Answer 49

``` E.Coli Proteus Klebsiella Pseudomonas Stephylococcus Saprophyticus ```

Question 50

When will you categorise something as hospital acquired infection?

Answer 50

If they get it more than 48 hours after hospital admission

Question 51

Investigating UTIs?

Answer 51

Urine dip: will show leucocytes and nitrates Do MSU Pyuria (pus in urine)

Question 52

Treatment of UTIs?

Answer 52

Trimethoprim Nitrofurantoin OR if pyelonephritis: Co-Amoxiclav + Gentamycin

Question 53

What gram stain organisms usually cause UTIs?

Answer 53

gram Neg Rods