Aani Haem: Leukaemia Flashcards

1
Q

Which protein presence indicates a worse prognosis in CLL?

A

CD38 and ZAP70

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2
Q

Which protein presence indicates CLL?

A

CD5 & CD23

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3
Q

Which staging is used in CLL?

A

Binet (A,B,C)

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4
Q

What is it called when CLL turns into a lymphoma?

A

Richter’s Transformation

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5
Q

Which syndrome is associated with CLL?

A

Evan’s Syndrome

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6
Q

Which Leukaemia is Evan’s Syndrome associated with?

A

CLL

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7
Q

What is the management of CLL?

A
  1. Chlorambucil
  2. Fludarabine
  3. Alemtuzumab
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8
Q

Which cells are seen in a CLL blood film?

A

Smear Cells

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9
Q

Which M group is APL? (Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia)

A

M3

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10
Q

M4 and M5 are which type of AML?

A

Acute Monocytic Leukaemia

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11
Q

Which Leukaemia makes you more prone to DIC?

A

APL (a type of AML)

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12
Q

Which chromosomal abnormality is seen in APL?

A

15;17 translocation

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13
Q

How to treat M3 (APL) ?

A

ATRA or Arsenic

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14
Q

Which protein are seen in AML blood film?

A

Auer rods

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15
Q

Which 2 stains can be used to identify AML?

A

Sudan Black B

Myeloperoxidase

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16
Q

Which leukaemia affects children?

A

ALL

17
Q

Which leukaemia affects skin and gums?

A

M4/M5 of AML (monocytic)

18
Q

Which leukaemia has philadelphia chromosome?

A

CML - 90+%

ALL - 25%

19
Q

What are the symptoms in ALL?

A
  • Thymic enlargement
  • Testicular enlargement
  • CNS involvement
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Bone pain
  • Infections
  • Bleeding
  • Anaemia/fatigue
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
20
Q

How long is maintenance therapy in ALL for girls and boys?

A

3 years for boys

2 years for girls

21
Q

What are the phases of CML?

A

CAB
Chronic
Accelerated
Blast

22
Q

What do you give to treat CML?

A

Imatinib (Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor)

23
Q

Describe the philadelphia chromosome

A

BRC-ABL Translocation 9:22 (all on 22) (ABL came onto 22 from 9)

24
Q

Which gender is most affected in CLL?

A

Males

25
Q

Which cells are seen in 15;17 translocation APL?

A

Faggot cells

26
Q

In which phase should we treat CML?

A

Chronic

27
Q

In which phase of CML do pts get splenomegaly?

A

Accelerated

28
Q

ALL poor prognostic factors?

A
Poor prognostic factors
age < 2 years or > 10 years
WBC > 20 * 109/l at diagnosis
T or B cell surface markers
non-Caucasian
male sex
29
Q

What is Evan’s Syndrome?

A

When you have CLL and it can trigger autoimmune anaemias e.g. TTP and AIHA

30
Q

Describe the stages of Binet staging?

A

A: <3 enlarged lymph node groups
B: > 3 enlarged lymph node groups
C: >3 lymph node groups plus anaemia/thrombocytopaenia