A-Level Geography: Regenerating Places EQ4

Question 1

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are the local councils’ primary desires as stakeholders?

Answer 1

• They want a good external image is important to attract investment, so landmark buildings and interesting architecture are important, but so are reduced deprivation levels.
• This is measured by job creation numbers, areas of vacant/derelict land brought back into use, IMD data trends.

Question 2

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are the local residents’ primary desires as stakeholders?

Answer 2

• They want better housing, community facilities and job opportunities plus an improved environment.
• This is measured through ‘community spirit’, rising incomes, improved health and life expectancy, and increased access to services.

Question 3

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are the property developer’s primary desires as stakeholders?

Answer 3

• They are motivated by profit, so will maximise sales values and rental values.
• Image is also important to draw sales.

Question 4

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are local businesses’ primary desires as stakeholders?

Answer 4

They want an increase in the local population, especially of wealthier residents to boost trade and profits.

Question 5

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are the national government’s primary desires as stakeholders?

Answer 5

• Regeneration that fits in with national priorities such as the northern powerhouse (a policy to increase the economic power and significance of northern cities, especially greater manchester) plus reduced dependency on benefits
• This measured by reduced out-migration and increases in regional output/GVA.

Question 6

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are the aim and three measures of regeneration?

Answer 6

• It is to create a legacy of increased income and employment , and decreased poverty and deprivation
• Economic changes, Demographic stability with social progress, Improvements in the living environment

Question 7

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What economic measures can be used to measure deprivation?

Answer 7

Measures Income, poverty, and employment. Using Census Data, neighbourhood statistics, and historical and current data.

Question 8

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are the social measures that can be used to measure deprivation?

Answer 8

Measures reduction in inequality, reduction in deprivation, and demographic changes. Uses interviews, newspapers, blogs and social media.

Question 9

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are the environmental measures that can be used to measure deprivation?

Answer 9

Measures reduction in pollution and reduction in derelict land. Using photos, environmental surveys and pollution indicators.

Question 10

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What is an example of unsuccessful regeneration?

Answer 10

Doncaster’s Earth Centre

Question 11

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What was Doncaster’s Earth Centre built on?

Answer 11

The derelict land was reclaimed and an attraction focused on sustainable lifestyles as part of a ‘green theme park’ was built with a grant of £42 million from the Millennium Commission, with National Lottery money

Question 12

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

Why did the Earth Centre close?

Answer 12

• It closed in 2004 due to low visitor numbers.
• Around 75 employees lost their jobs because it only attracted 37,000 of the 150,000 visitors per year needed to make it viable.

Question 13

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What are the reasons for Earth Centre’s failure?

Answer 13

• The location was not very accessible, and the area is not very well known for tourism.
• Local people’s lived experience of the area was coal mining and its heritage, not ecological issues
• The reality of South Yorkshire is an industrial and agricultural place, not an environmental or ecological one.

Question 14

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What was the economic success of the 2012 London Olympic Games Legacy regeneration?

Answer 14

• £13 bn was injected into the national economy, including £130 million worth of new contracts for UK companies.
• 2012 London Olympics were considered successful that the UK in was chosen in other world events such as the 2017 World Athletics Championships.

Question 15

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What was the social success of the 2012 London Olympic Games Legacy regeneration?

Answer 15

10,000 new homes, two primary schools, a secondary school, and three health centres.

Question 16

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What were the social negatives of the 2012 London Olympic Games Legacy regeneration?

Answer 16

Gentrification has mixed benefits. The original athlete flats have been converted into East Village: 2800 new housing units. However, entry-level prices are £250,000 for a three-room apartment.

Question 17

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What was the environmental success of the 2012 London Olympic Games Legacy regeneration?

Answer 17

• The LLDC’s Sustainable Vision for 2030 is based on people, places, and performance.
• 2.5 sq km of brownfield land and wetland was restored along the River Lea. 100 hectares of open green space created.

Question 18

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What was Salford Quays initially?

Answer 18

In the 19th century, Salford Docks was initially an integral part to Manchester’s success.

Question 19

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What happened after its regeneration?

Answer 19

About 90 hectares of former industrial land were developed by Salford City Council and private investors.

Question 20

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

In Salford Quays, describe the distribution of housing.

Answer 20

In one recent Salford Quays apartment development, called the Dock Office, 50% were sold to local people but 25% to Chinese investor and 25% to UK residents living overseas.

Question 21

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

How many of the locals received jobs from the Salford Quays regeneration?

Answer 21

In 2012 it was reported that only 24 of the 680 new jobs at the BBC in Salford had gone to local people.

Question 22

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What did the local council want with Salford Quays?

Answer 22

Good external image is important to attract investment, so landmark buildings and interesting architecture are important, but so are reduced deprivation levels.

Question 23

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What did the residents want with Salford Quays?

Answer 23

Better housing, community facilities and job opportunities plus an improved environment.

Question 24

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What did the property developers want with Salford Quays?

Answer 24

• Motivated by profit, so will maximise sales values and rental values.
• Image is also important to draw sales.

Question 25

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What did local businesses want with Salford Quays?

Answer 25

Increases local population, especially of wealthier residents to boost trade and profits.

Question 26

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What did the national government want with Salford Quays?

Answer 26

• They want regeneration that fits in with national priorities such as the northern powerhouse (a policy to increase the economic power and significance of northern cities, especially greater manchester) plus reduced dependency on benefits
• This is measured particularly through GVA.

Question 27

4A.11 Different urban stakeholders have different criteria for judging the success of urban regeneration.

What is mean’t by GVA?

Answer 27

Gross value added (GVA) is an economic productivity metric that measures the contribution of a corporate subsidiary, company, or municipality to an economy, producer, sector, or region.