9.transport in animals

Question 1

circulatory system

Answer 1

a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one way flow of blood

Question 2

valves

Answer 2

structures that allow a liquid to flow in one direction only

Question 3

double circulatory system

Answer 3

a system in which blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body

Question 4

single circulatory system

Answer 4

a system in which blood passes through the heart only once on tone complete circuit of the body

Question 5

atria (singular atrium)

Answer 5

the thin-walled chambers at the top of the heart, which receive blood

Question 6

ventricles

Answer 6

the thick walled chambers at the base of the heart which pump out blood

Question 7

septum

Answer 7

the structure that separates the left and right sides of the heart, keeping oxygenated blood separate from deoxygenated blood

Question 8

pulmonary vein

Answer 8

the veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Question 9

venae cavae (vena cava)

Answer 9

the large veins that bring deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 10

aorta

Answer 10

the largest artery in the body which receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to the organs

Question 11

pulmonary artery

Answer 11

the artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 12

atrioventricular valve

Answer 12

a valve which allows blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle but not in the opposite direction

Question 13

semilunar valve

Answer 13

valves close to the entrances to the aorta and pulmonary artery which prevent backflow of blood from arteries to ventricles

Question 14

coronary arteries

Answer 14

vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Question 15

CHD (coronary heart disease)

Answer 15

disease caused by blockage of the coronary arteries

Question 16

artery

Answer 16

a thick walled vessel that takes high pressure blood away from the heart

Question 17

capillary

Answer 17

a tiny vessel with walls only one cell thick that takes blood close to body cells

Question 18

vein

Answer 18

a thin walled vessel that takes low p-ressure blood back to the heart

Question 19

hepatic artery

Answer 19

blood vessel that supports oxygenated blood to the liver

Question 20

hepatic veins

Answer 20

the blood vessels that carry blood away from the liver

Question 21

plasma

Answer 21

liquid part of blood

Question 22

red blood cells

Answer 22

biconcave blood cells with no nucleus which transport oxygen

Question 23

white blood cells

Answer 23

blood cells with a nucleus which help to defend against pathogens

Question 24

platelets

Answer 24

tiny cell fragments present in blood which help with clotting

Question 25

haemoglobin

Answer 25

a red pigment found in red blood cells which can combine reversibly with oxygen

Question 26

phagocytosis

Answer 26

taking bacteria or other small structures into a cells cytoplasm and digesting them with enzymes

Question 27

phogocytes

Answer 27

white blood cells that destroy pathogens by phagocytosis

Question 28

lympocytes

Answer 28

white blood cells that secrete antibodies

Question 29

fibrinogen

Answer 29

a soluble protein present in the blood plasma

Question 30

fibrin

Answer 30

an insoluble protein that is formed from fibrionogen when a blood vessel in damaged