9.transport in animals Flashcards
circulatory system
a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one way flow of blood
valves
structures that allow a liquid to flow in one direction only
double circulatory system
a system in which blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body
single circulatory system
a system in which blood passes through the heart only once on tone complete circuit of the body
atria (singular atrium)
the thin-walled chambers at the top of the heart, which receive blood
ventricles
the thick walled chambers at the base of the heart which pump out blood
septum
the structure that separates the left and right sides of the heart, keeping oxygenated blood separate from deoxygenated blood
pulmonary vein
the veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
venae cavae (vena cava)
the large veins that bring deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
aorta
the largest artery in the body which receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to the organs
pulmonary artery
the artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
atrioventricular valve
a valve which allows blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle but not in the opposite direction
semilunar valve
valves close to the entrances to the aorta and pulmonary artery which prevent backflow of blood from arteries to ventricles
coronary arteries
vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
CHD (coronary heart disease)
disease caused by blockage of the coronary arteries
artery
a thick walled vessel that takes high pressure blood away from the heart
capillary
a tiny vessel with walls only one cell thick that takes blood close to body cells
vein
a thin walled vessel that takes low p-ressure blood back to the heart
hepatic artery
blood vessel that supports oxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic veins
the blood vessels that carry blood away from the liver
plasma
liquid part of blood
red blood cells
biconcave blood cells with no nucleus which transport oxygen
white blood cells
blood cells with a nucleus which help to defend against pathogens
platelets
tiny cell fragments present in blood which help with clotting
haemoglobin
a red pigment found in red blood cells which can combine reversibly with oxygen
phagocytosis
taking bacteria or other small structures into a cells cytoplasm and digesting them with enzymes
phogocytes
white blood cells that destroy pathogens by phagocytosis
lympocytes
white blood cells that secrete antibodies
fibrinogen
a soluble protein present in the blood plasma
fibrin
an insoluble protein that is formed from fibrionogen when a blood vessel in damaged
