16. Chromosomes, Genes And Proteins

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

A length of dna found in the nucleus of a cell that contains genetic info in the form of many diff genes

Question 2

Largest to smallest cell structures

Answer 2

Cell nucleus chromosome DNA molecule gene

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

A molecule that’s contains genetic information in the form of genes that controls the proteins made in a cell

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A length of dna that codes for one protein

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

Alternative forms of a gene

Question 6

Reduction division

Answer 6

A term used to describe what happens in meiosis where the number of chromosomes is halved

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

Having two identical alleles of a particular gene (ex. GG or gg)

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

Having two different alleles of a particular gene (ex Gg)

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

The genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

The observable features of an organism

Question 11

Dominant allele

Answer 11

An allele that is expressed if it is present

Question 12

Recessive allele

Answer 12

An allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele so the gene present

Question 13

Codominanace

Answer 13

alleles that are both expressed in phenotype when they are both present

Question 14

Inheritance

Answer 14

The transmission of genetic info from generation to generation

Question 15

Genetic diagram

Answer 15

A standard way of showing all the steps in making predictions about the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring from the two parents

Question 16

Monohybrid cross

Answer 16

A cross where we consider the inheritance of only one gene

Question 17

Punnet square

Answer 17

A part of a genetic diagram that shows the predicted genotypes and phenotypes that can result from the random fusion of the male and female gamete

Question 18

Test cross

Answer 18

A cross used to determine the genotype of an organism showing the characteristic produced buy a dominant allele

Question 19

Sex chromosome

Answer 19

Chromosomes that determine sex

Question 20

X chromosome

Answer 20

The larger of the two sex chromosomes in mammals

Question 21

Y chromosome

Answer 21

The smaller of the two sex chromosomes in mammals

Question 22

Sex linked genes

Answer 22

Genes that are found on a part of one of the sex chromosome (usually X) and not on the other sex chromosome they therefore produce characteristics that are more common in one sex than the other

Question 23

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 23

A molecule that carries a copy of information on dna to a ribosome to be used or synthesise a protein

Question 24

Expressed

Answer 24

Used it make a protein - a gene is expressed when the protein that is codecs for is synthesised in a cell

Question 25

Stem cells

Answer 25

Unspecialised cells that are able to divide by mitosis to produce different types of specialised cells [ex. Blood stem cell to rbc]