7.human nutrition

Question 1

balanced diet

Answer 1

a diet that contains all of the required nutrients in suitable proportions and the right amount of energy

Question 2

nutrients

Answer 2

carbs, fats and oils, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

Question 3

liver

Answer 3

a large dark red organ that carries out many different functions including the production of bile and the regulation of blood glucose concentration

Question 4

pancreas

Answer 4

a creamy-white organ lying close to the stomach which secretes pancreatic juice and the hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 5

ingestion

Answer 5

the taking of food and drink into the body

Question 6

digestion

Answer 6

the breakdown of food

Question 7

absorption

Answer 7

the movement of nutrients from the alimentary canal into the blood

Question 8

assimilation

Answer 8

the uptake and use of nutrients by cells

Question 9

egestion

Answer 9

the removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

Question 10

physical digestion

Answer 10

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces, without making chemical changes so they can be absorbed

Question 11

chemical digestion

Answer 11

the breakdown of large insoluble molecules in food into smaller soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed

Question 12

anus

Answer 12

the exit from the alimentary canal through which faeces are removed

Question 13

sphincter muscles

Answer 13

rings of muscle that contract to close a tube

Question 14

mucus

Answer 14

a smooth viscous fluid secreted by many different organs in the body

Question 15

goblet cells

Answer 15

cells found in the lining of the respiratory passages and digestive system which secrete mucus

Question 16

salivary glands

Answer 16

groups of cells close to the mouth which secrete saliva into the salivary ducts

Question 17

oesophagus

Answer 17

the tube leading from the mouth to the stomach

Question 18

trachea

Answer 18

the tube through which air travels to the lungs

Question 19

stomach

Answer 19

a wide part of the alimentary canal in which food can be stored for a while, and where the digestion of protein begins

Question 20

lumen

Answer 20

the space in the centre of a tube through which substances can pass

Question 21

duodenum

Answer 21

the first part of the small intestine into which the pancreatic duct and bile duct empty fluids

Question 22

small intestine

Answer 22

a long narrow part of the alimentary canal consisting of the duodenum and ileum

Question 23

colon

Answer 23

first part of large intestine

Question 24

ileum

Answer 24

second part of small intestine where most absorption takes place

Question 25

pancreatic duct

Answer 25

tube that carries pancreatic fluid from pancreas to duodenum

Question 26

large intestine

Answer 26

a relatively wide part of the alimentary canal consisting of the colon and rectum

Question 27

rectum

Answer 27

second part of large intestine where faeces is produced and stored

Question 28

bile

Answer 28

an alkaline fluid produced by the liver which helps with fat digestion

Question 29

gall bladder

Answer 29

a small organ that stores bile before the bile is released into the duodenum

Question 30

bile duct

Answer 30

the tube that carries bile from the gall bladder to the duodenum

Question 31

enamel

Answer 31

the very strong material that covers the surface of a tooth

Question 32

dentine

Answer 32

a living tissue that lies just beneath the enamel of a tooth

Question 33

cement

Answer 33

the material that holds a tooth in the gum

Question 34

epithelium

Answer 34

a tissue that covers a surface in an animal

Question 35

pepsin

Answer 35

a protease enzyme secreted in gastric juice

Question 36

gastric juice

Answer 36

a liquid secreted by the walls of the stomach that contains pepsin and hydrochloric acid

Question 37

trypsin

Answer 37

a protease enzyme secreted by the pancreas

Question 38

emulsifies

Answer 38

break down large drops of fat or oil into smaller droplets

Question 39

villi

Answer 39

very small finger-like projections that line the inner surface of the small intestine

Question 40

microvilli

Answer 40

tiny folds on the surface of the cells of the epithelium of the villi in the small intestine

Question 41

lacteals

Answer 41

small vessels that absorb fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine