11. respiration and gas exchange

Question 1

aerobic respiration

Answer 1

chemical reactions that take place in mitochondria which use oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrient molecules to release energy for the cell to use

Question 2

anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen

Question 3

aerobic respiration (word equation)

Answer 3

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 4

aerobic respiration (balanced chemical equation)

Answer 4

C6H1206 + 602 —>6CO2 + 6H20

Question 5

anaerobic respiration (word equation)

Answer 5

glucose —> alcohol + carbon dioxide
[in muscles] glucose —> lactic acid

Question 6

anaerobic respiration (balanced chemical equation)

Answer 6

C6H1206 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 7

gas exchange

Answer 7

the diffusion on oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of an organism’s body

Question 8

gas exchange surface

Answer 8

a part of the body where gas exchange between the body and the environment takes place

Question 9

alveoli

Answer 9

tiny air filled sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place

Question 10

trachea

Answer 10

tube through which air travels to the lungs

Question 11

cilia

Answer 11

tiny projections from some of the cells in the lining of the respiratory passages

Question 12

thorax

Answer 12

part of the body from the neck down to the diaphragm

Question 13

bronchus

Answer 13

one of the two tubes that takes air from the trachea to the lungs

Question 14

bronchiole

Answer 14

a small tube that takes air from a bronchus to every part of the lungs

Question 15

breathing

Answer 15

using the muscles in the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles to change the volume of the thorax so that air is drawn into and pushes out of the lungs

Question 16

intercoastal muscles

Answer 16

muscles between the ribs which raise and lower the rib cage when they contract and relax