9.4 Different views and tensions - Freedom and the individual Flashcards
CLASSICAL LIBERALISM - FREEDOM AND THE INDIVIDUAL
CLASSICAL LIBERALISM - FREEDOM AND THE INDIVIDUAL
How does classical liberalism view freedom?
In a negative sense
What is negative freedom?
Freedom from constraint and interference where possible
What did JS Mill argue about an individual’s actions?
An individual’s actions should be unencumbered unless they directly affect others - the ‘harm principle’
What did JS Mill advocate?
A society where there was freedom of thought, discussion, religion and assembly
What type of freedom did Locke and Mill advocate?
Egotistical individualism
What did Mill argue about individuals?
Thy were self-reliant, self-interested and rational
What did Locke claim about man’s lives?
That they were their own
What did Locke believe about an arbitrary government?
Men would be enslaved
What did Isaiah Berlin argue claim modern liberals were doing when they expanded the role of the state for paternalistic functions?
They were doing so at the expense of individual liberty
Why do classical liberals believe the welfare state is oppressive?
People are forced to pay taxation to fund welfare states even if they do not want to claim welfare
What did JS Mill argue an individual had the right to?
Non-interference, even if their actions caused them harm
What is a JS Mill quote about an individual’s sovereignty?
‘Over himself, over his own mind and body, the Individual is sovereign’
MODERN LIBERALISM - FREEDOM AND THE INDIVIDUAL
MODERN LIBERALISM - FREEDOM AND THE INDIVIDUAL
What did TH Green assert about freedom?
That it was not just to be left alone, but that it should also be viewed positively
What do modern liberals broadly agree with classical liberals on?
The concept of self-reliance
What do modern liberals believe the state must offer people so they can achieve self-reliance?
A hand-up
What do modern liberals believe about negative freedom?
It only compounds social and economic disadvantage
What did John Rawls advocate?
A substantial increase in the role of the state
NEO-LIBERALISM - FREEDOM AND THE INDIVIDUAL
NEO-LIBERALISM - FREEDOM AND THE INDIVIDUAL
What do neo-liberals believe about modern liberalism?
It is a betrayal of the core values of the limited state and egotistical individualism
What classical liberal philosopher inspired the work of Nozick and Rand?
Immanuel Kant
