14.1-Feminism-Intersectionality

Question 1

Why did bell hooks criticise second-wave feminists?

Answer 1

For conceptualising feminism from a white middle-class perspective and college-educated background

Question 2

What did bell hooks argue that both liberal and radical feminists both excluded?

Answer 2

The concerns of minority groups such as ‘women of colour’

Question 3

What did bell hooks argue that black American men wanted?

Answer 3

Racial equality but also to assume their ‘proper place as patriarch in the home’

Question 4

What did bell hooks argue the black liberation movement was?

Answer 4

Sexist

Question 5

What is a bell hooks quote about who controlled feminism?

Answer 5

‘the appropriation of feminist ideology by elitist, racist, white women … organised and controlled by white women’

Question 6

What Kimberle Crenshaw theory was inspired by hooks’ ideas?

Answer 6

Theory of intersectionality

Question 7

What is a clear example of intersectional discrimination?

Answer 7

DeGraffenreid v General Motors

Question 8

What happened in the DeGraffenreid v General Motors case?

Answer 8

• In 1976 5 black employees sued General Motors for wrongful dismissal based on discrimination
• The district court viewed discrimination through the lens of race and gender and dismissed the case because General Motors continued to employ black men and white women - failed to recognise overlapping identities

Question 9

What is a Crenshaw quote about sexism?

Answer 9

‘Sexism isn’t a one size fits all phenomenon’

Question 10

What is a bell hooks quote about black women?

Answer 10

‘No other group in American has so had their identity socialized out of existence as have black women’