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Political Ideas > 10.2 Neo-liberalism > Flashcards

10.2 Neo-liberalism Flashcards

1
Q

In what 2 ways does neo-liberalism differ from all other aspects of conservatism?

A
  • It views society as being atomistic (not organic)
  • It has a positive view of human nature
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2
Q

What 2 things are neo-liberals principally concerned with?

A

Atomistic individualism and free-market economics

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3
Q

NEO-LIBERALISM - ATOMISTIC INDIVIDUALISM

A

NEO-LIBERALISM - ATOMISTIC INDIVIDUALISM

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4
Q

What core conservative belief of Hobbes, Burke and Oakeshott do neo-liberals disagree with?

A

They disagree with the view that the state has the legitimacy to interfere via a social contract or noblesse oblige

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5
Q

What do neo-liberals believe about state intervention?

A

State intervention subverts freedom

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6
Q

What is a Nozick quote about state intervention?

A

‘The state’s claim to legitimacy induces its citizens to believe that they have some duty to obey its edicts, pay its taxes, fight its battles, and so on’

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7
Q

What do neo-liberals abhor?

A

State interference in the life of the individual

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8
Q

What did Robert Nozick argue for?

A

Self-ownership, whereby individuals retained their bodies, talents, anilities and labour and were under minimal obligation from the state

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9
Q

What were Nozick’s ideas influenced by?

A

John Locke’s rationalism, which focuses in the individual rights of men

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10
Q

What type of government do neo-liberals argue for?

A

A miniaturist government, similar to those of the 18th century

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11
Q

What is a Nozick quote about the extent of state intervention?

A

‘Limited to the narrow function of force, theft, enforcement of contracts and so on’

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12
Q

How did Nozick believe individual freedom could be preserved?

A

By rolling back the state

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13
Q

What did Rand believe about the organic society?

A

It is a construct that blunts the development of the individual

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14
Q

What did Rand believe society was capable of and what examples did she use?

A

She believed that society is capable of making individuals believe unquestioningly that the world if flat or that the Nazi and Communist regimes were justifiable

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15
Q

Who did Rand believe the heroes of history were?

A

Those who can break such harmful groupthink and retain a capability for original rational thought

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16
Q

What did Rand believe was the only way for individuals to experience negative freedom and develop their full potential?

A

Atomistic individualism

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17
Q

What did Nozick admit about humans?

A

That humans are ‘pack animals’ who enjoy and need social and economic interactions

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18
Q

What was Rand’s main theory called?

A

Objectivism

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19
Q

What is Rand’s theory of objectivism?

A

A philosophy based on the rationalism of reason and scientific fact

20
Q

What did Rand believe about the traditions championed by other aspects of conservatism?

A

They were nonsense

21
Q

What does Rand argue for?

A

A ‘virtue of selfishness’

22
Q

What does Rand believe is morally right?

A

For individuals to pursue their own dreams and objectives rather than those determined by state and society

23
Q

What did Rand loathe?

A

Communism

24
Q

What is altruism?

A

The belief that humans are not born to be self-seeking but can display fellow feeling, sympathy for others and an instinct to help and cooperate with others

25
Q

What did Rand argue about altruism?

A

It is misrepresented in an organic society, as it should not be a duty dictated by the state but the rational action of an individual pursuing their own values

26
Q

What do neo-liberals argue about the welfare state?

A

Welfare state spending arrests the development of atomistic individualism by making individuals dependent on the state

27
Q

What do neo-liberals believe about self-interest?

A

It is the most rational and moral course of action that one can take

28
Q

NEO-LIBERALISM: FREE-MARKET ECONOMICS

A

NEO-LIBERALISM: FREE-MARKET ECONOMICS

29
Q

What were the explanations for the failure of Keynesian economics?

A

Only the free market could properly allocate resources

30
Q

What did neo-liberals argue about the state in regards to the economy?

A

That the state was ill-equipped to plan or intervene in the economy

31
Q

What did neo-liberals believe about nationalised industries?

A

They were inefficient, lacked free-market dynamism and were artificially protected from free-market competition, which distorted the whole market

32
Q

What is a Milton Friedman quote about the federal government running the economy?

A

‘If you put the federal government in charge of the Sahara Desert, in five years there’d be a shortage of sand’

33
Q

What do neo-liberals see the role of the state being limited to economically?

A

Controlling inflation - a policy known as ‘monetarism’

34
Q

What does the neo-liberal belief in minimal government intervention dictate?

A

That individuals should rise and fall on their own abilities

35
Q

What was Thatcher indifferent to?

A

High unemployment

36
Q

What industry did Thatcher see as inefficient and tried to shut it down?

A

The coal mining industry

37
Q

Why did Thatcher shut down the coal mining industry as well as privatising other industries?

A

She believed that the state should not protect failing industries

38
Q

In what book did Friedrich von Hayek argue that unchecked welfare state spending would bankrupt socities?

A

The Road to Serfdom

39
Q

TO WHAT EXTENT DO CONSERVATIVES AGREE ABOUT THE STATE’S ROLE IN THE ECONOMY?

A

TO WHAT EXTENT DO CONSERVATIVES AGREE ABOUT THE STATE’S ROLE IN THE ECONOMY?

40
Q

What do conservatives agree on in regards to what the powers of the state should be economically?

A

It is the role of the state to defend economic contracts and private property

41
Q

What do conservatives agree the state can defend?

A

The existence of capitalism and the free market

42
Q

What do conservatives agree on in regards to private property?

A

It is vitally important as it reduces individuals’ dependency on the state

43
Q

How do neo-liberals, neo-conservatives, traditional conservatives and one-nation conservatives disagree on tax?

A
  • Neo-liberals would abolish tax
  • Neo-conservatives and traditional conservatives argue for low taxation
  • One-nation conservatives advocate higher levels of taxation
44
Q

What are one-nation conservatives most likely to favour in the economy?

A

State intervention in the economy, most conservatives favour the free-market and laissez-faire economics

45
Q

What is an example of a policy that neo-conservatives support but neo-liberals oppose?

A

Government intervention during the economic crisis of 2008

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