9.4 Flashcards
Concept
Mental representations that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli
Rules that specify the necessary and sufficient conditions for something to fit into a category
Necessary Condition
Something that must be true of the object to belong to the category
Sufficient Condition
Something that, if it is true, proves the object is part of the category.
Family Resemblance Theory
Members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members.
Not necessarily featured in every member
Prototype Theory
People make category judgements by comparing new instances to the category’s prototype.
Exemplar Theory
People make category judgements by comparing a new instance of with stored memories for other instances of the category
Which part of the brain is used for forming prototypes?
Left hemisphere and Visual Cortex
What parts of the brain are used for recognizing exemplars?
Right hemisphere,
Prefrontal cortex
Basil ganglia
Category-specific deficit
Neurological syndrome that is characterized by an inability to recognize objects that belong to a particular category, although the ability to recognize objects outside the category is undisturbed
Parts of our evolution have to do with the ability to identify objects
Damage to what part of the brain generally results in category-specific deficits?
Left Hemisphere of the Cerebral Cortex
Damage to what part of the brain results in difficulty identifying humans?
Front part of Left Temporal Lobe
Damage to what part of the brain results in difficulty identifying animals?
Lower part of Left Temporal Lobe
Damage to what part of the brain results in difficulty retrieving the name of tools?
The region where the Temporal Lobe meets the Occipital and Parietal Lobes
Category-specific organization of visual regions
Does not depend on an individual’s visual experience.
In the example of Adam, category-specific brain organization could be innately determined.
Conceivably could have arisen from interactions with objects that blind individuals have had involving senses other than vision.
