9.3 Accessory organs of digestion Flashcards
What are acinar cells? Where are they and what do they make?
They are in the pancreas.
They create pancreatic juices, which are bicarbonate rich.
What does enteropeptidase do and where is it produced?
Enteropeptidase is produced by the duodenum.
It converts trypsinogen to trypsin, which can then activate other zymogens and activates procarboxypeptidases A & B.
What are the common pancreatic peptidases? (x3)
- trypsinogen
- chymotrypsinogen
- Carbosypeptidases A & B
What are the major components of bile?
- Bile salts- emulsify fats
- Pigments- like bilirubin
- cholesterol
What are the 5 major enzymes that break down carbohydrates? Produced where? Site of function?
1. Amylase (salivary or pancreatic), works in duodenum or mouth, hydrolyzes starch to maltose and dextrins.
2. Maltase (intestinal glands), works in duodenum, hydrolyzes maltose to two glucose molecules.
3. Isomaltase (intestinal glands), works in duodenum, hydrolyzes isomaltose to two glucose molecules.
4. Sucrase (intestinal glands), works in duodenum, hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose.
5. Lactase (intestinal glands), works in duodenum, hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose.
What is pepsinogen made?
By what cell?
What does it do?
Made by chief cells in stomach
Hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds, activated by HCl
Where is trypsin made?
Where does it act?
What is it activated by?
What does it do?
Made by pancreas (acinar cells)
Acts in the duodenum,
activated by enteropeptidase
1. hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds
2. converts chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin**,
Where is Chymotrypsin made?
Where does it act?
What is it activated by?
What does it do?
Made by pancreas (acinar),
works in duodenum,
activated by trypsin
hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds
Where is Procarboxypeptidase A & B made?
Where does it act?
What is it activated by?
What does it do?
Made in pancreas (acinar cells)
works in duodenum,
activated by enteropeptidase
hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at carboxyl end
Where is aminopeptidase made?
Where does it act?
What does it do?
Made in intestinal glands
works in duodenum,
hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at amino end.
Where is dipeptidase made?
Where does it act?
What does it do?
Made in intestinal glands
works in the duodenum,
hydrolyzes pairs of amino acids
What are the 7 enzymes that break down proteins? Where do they act?
1. Pepsinogen, stomach (chief cells), hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds, activated by HCl
2. Trypsin, pancreas (acinar cells), duodenum, hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds, converts chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin, **activated by enteropeptidase
3. Chymotrypsin, pancreas (acinar), works in duodenum, hydrolyzes specific peptide bonds, activated by trypsin
4. Procaboypeptisases, pancreas (acinar cells), works in duodenum, hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at carboxyl end, activated by enteropeptidase
5. Aminopeptidase, (intestinal glands), works in duodenum, hydrolyzes terminal peptide bond at amino end.
6. Dipeptidases, (intestinal glands), works in the duodenum, hydrolyzes pairs of amino acids
7. Enteropeptidase (intestinal glands) works in the duodenum, converts trypsinogen to trypsin and procaroxypeptidases A and B to carboxypeptidases A and B
What are the lipid enzymes and what do they do?
1. Bile, made in liver, works in duodenum, works to emulsify fats, this is mechanical digestion (no breaking of bonds)
2. Lipase, made in pancreas (acinar cells), works in duodenum, hydrolyzes lipids. This is chemical digestion
What are the main components of bile? (x3)
- bile salts- emulsify fats
- pigments- bilirubin
- cholesterol
What are the functions of the liver? (x7)
- processes nutrients (glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, storage and mobilization of fats, and gluconeogenesis
- Produces urea
- Detoxifies chemicals
- Activates or inactivates medications
- Produces bile
- synthesizes albumin
- Synthesizes clotting factors.
