7.1 HY Anatomy of the Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What type of valves separate the ventricles from the atria?

The ventricles from the vasculature?

Answer 1

AV valves.

Semilunar valves.

Question 2

How many valves does the tricuspid valve have? The mitral valve?

Answer 2

Tricuspid= 3

Mitral= 2

Question 3

How are cardiac muscle cells connected?

Answer 3

They are connected via intercalated discs, which contain many gap junctions directly connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. This allows for coordinated ventricular contraction.

Question 4

What nerve innervates the heart?

Answer 4

Vagus nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 5

What type of cell lines the vasculature?

Answer 5

Endothelial cells.

Question 6

What are portal systems?

Answer 6

This is a second capillary bed that blood will flow through before returning to the heart.

Question 7

What are three portal system examples?

Answer 7

1. Hepatic portal system- blood leaving capillary beds in the walls of the gut pass through the hepatic portal vein before reaching the beds in the liver.

2. Hypophyseal portal system- blood leaving capillary beds in the hypothalamus travels to a capillary bed in the anterior pituitary to allow for paracrine secretion of releasing hormones.

3. Renal portal system- blood leaving the glomerulus travels through an efferent arteriole before surrounding the nephron in a capillary network called the vasa recta.