9.3 - 9.5 Notes

Question 1

the amount of open space in soil (pore space)

Answer 1

porosity

Question 2

the more cement between the particles the more or less pore space?

Answer 2

less pore space (porosity)

Question 3

well sorted particles have more or less pore space (porosity) than unsorted soils

Answer 3

more pore space (porosity)

Question 4

bedrock with more fractures or cracks has ____ pores than bedrock without many cracks

Answer 4

more

Question 5

porosity is not affected by what

Answer 5

particle size

Question 6

equal volumes of sorted sediment have

Answer 6

equal pore space

Question 7

the ability of water to flow through a soil

Answer 7

permeability

Question 8

the inability of water to flow

Answer 8

impermeable

Question 9

permeability depends on

Answer 9

soil composition

Question 10

more permeable, water flows easily from space to space, are what size particles

Answer 10

large particles

Question 11

less permeable, it’s hard for water to find a path through the soil, are what sized particles

Answer 11

small particles

Question 12

more permeable, plenty of open spaces that connect to each other are sorted or unsorted particles

Answer 12

sorted particles

Question 13

less permeable, small particles fill up the spaces leaving little room for water to move are sorted or unsorted particles

Answer 13

unsorted particles

Question 14

the amount, availability, and movement of groundwater depends largely on

Answer 14

permeability and porosity

Question 15

as water permeates soil, some water molecules get stuck on the sediments and do not flow through. This is known as

Answer 15

retention

Question 16

the ability of water to rise in small openings

Answer 16

capillarity

Question 17

sorted large sediments and sorted small sediments have the same or different porosity

Answer 17

the same porosity

Question 18

sorted particles have a higher or lower permeability

Answer 18

higher

Question 19

does particle size affect porosity

Answer 19

no

Question 20

as particle increases does permeability increase or decrease

Answer 20

it increases

Question 21

the movement of water upward against gravity in small spaces

Answer 21

capillarity

Question 22

sediments with smaller or larger spaces have more capillarity

Answer 22

smaller

Question 23

porosity indicates

Answer 23

how much space is between the sediments

Question 24

the seeping in of water into the soil to become groundwater

Answer 24

inflitration

Question 25

the moving of liquid water on the surface of Earth

Answer 25

runoff

Question 26

infiltration and runoff are

Answer 26

opposites

Question 27

water that does not infiltrate the soil will

Answer 27

runoff into a larger body of water

Question 28

as gradient decreases infiltration

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

on a gentle slope there is

Answer 29

high infiltration low runoff

Question 30

on a steep slope there is

Answer 30

low infiltration high runoff

Question 31

infiltration and gradient have a

Answer 31

indirect relationship

Question 32

gradient and runoff have a

Answer 32

direct relationship

Question 33

as particle size increases the rate of infiltration

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

large particles more or less infiltration

Answer 34

more infiltration

Question 35

small particles more or less infiltration

Answer 35

less infiltration

Question 36

infiltration and soil size have a

Answer 36

direct relationship

Question 37

soil size and runoff have a

Answer 37

indirect relationship

Question 38

as particles go from unsorted to sorted the rate of infiltration

Answer 38

increases

Question 39

sorted has more

Answer 39

infiltration

Question 40

unsorted has more

Answer 40

runoff

Question 41

infiltration and sorting have a

Answer 41

direct relationship

Question 42

runoff and sorting have a

Answer 42

indirect relationship

Question 43

increased precipitation leads to increased

Answer 43

runoff (puddles)

Question 44

less rain leads to more

Answer 44

infiltration

Question 45

rate of precipitation and infiltration have a

Answer 45

indirect relationship

Question 46

runoff and the rate of precipitation have a

Answer 46

direct relationship

Question 47

as plant life increases runoff

Answer 47

decreases

Question 48

lots of plants means more

Answer 48

infiltration

Question 49

very few plants mean more

Answer 49

runoff

Question 50

amount of vegetation and infiltration have a

Answer 50

direct relationship

Question 51

amount of vegetation and runoff have a

Answer 51

indirect relationship

Question 52

water travelling down on top of the land in rivers and streams

Answer 52

runoff

Question 53

what soils are full of water

Answer 53

saturated

Question 54

what increases when the surface is impermeable

Answer 54

runoff

Question 55

when the soils are saturated they don't allow water to enter which means

Answer 55

high runoff and low infiltration

Question 56

water that soaks into the soil

Answer 56

infiltration

Question 57

in order for infiltration to occur the ground needs to be

Answer 57

unsaturated and permeable

Question 58

if the rate of precipitation is greater than the rate of infiltration then

Answer 58

runoff will occur

Question 59

frozen surfaces don't allow water to enter which means

Answer 59

low infiltration and high runoff

Question 60

steep surfaces don't allow water to enter easily which means

Answer 60

low infiltration and high runoff

Question 61

permeable soils have

Answer 61

higher infiltration and low runoff

Question 62

paved parking lots are not permeable which means

Answer 62

low infiltration and high runoff

Question 63

fields and forests have lots of vegetation and allow water to enter the soil which means

Answer 63

high infiltration and low runoff

Question 64

pore space contains mostly ait

Answer 64

zone of aeration

Question 65

pore space contains mostly water

Answer 65

zone of saturation

Question 66

the water within the zone of saturation and moves through pore spaces

Answer 66

groundwater

Question 67

the groundwater moves more slowly when the pore spaces are

Answer 67

smaller

Question 68

permeable rock layers or sediments that transmit groundwater freely

Answer 68

aquifer

Question 69

form when the water table intersects the ground surface

Answer 69

springs

Question 70

water is heated by the cooling of igneous rock

Answer 70

hot springs

Question 71

a fountain of water and steam which shoots up from the ground

Answer 71

geysers

Question 72

a hole into the zone of saturation

Answer 72

well

Question 73

when groundwater rises on its own under pressure

Answer 73

artesian well

Question 74

what causes a drawdown (lowering) of the water table

Answer 74

pumping

Question 75

what can pumping form

Answer 75

a cone of depression in the water table

Question 76

when groundwater bonds with carbon dioxide and forms carbonic acid which dissolves rocks it forms

Answer 76

caves

Question 77

a common surface feature of karst topography

Answer 77

sinkholes

Question 78

the boundary at the top of the zone of saturation is known as

Answer 78

the water table

Question 79

what does more precipitation cause

Answer 79

an increase in the zone of saturation and raises the water table

Question 80

what removes water from the zone of saturation

Answer 80

using well water

Question 81

using well water does what to the water table

Answer 81

lowers the water table