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Earth Science (Mine) > 11.1 Notes > Flashcards

11.1 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Minerals are naturally or unnaturally occuring

A

naturally

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2
Q

how do minerals form

A

natural geologic processes

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3
Q

do they have an indefinite or definite chemical composition

A

definite

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4
Q

how many elements make up most minerals

A

two or more

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5
Q

are minerals organic or inorganic

A

inorganic-not living

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6
Q

minerals have what type of crystalline structure

A

orderly

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7
Q

how are atoms arranged in minerals

A

orderly and repetitive pattern

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8
Q

a solid body having a visually symmetrical pattern to it’s atomic arrangement

A

crystals

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9
Q

why do some minerals made of the same element look different

A

their atoms are arranged differently

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10
Q

minerals are left behind from a body of water when it evaporates ex. sea salt as the water evaporates the mineral halite is left behind

A

precipitates

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11
Q

what do heat and pressure do

A

change minerals into new materials

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12
Q

minerals that form out of cooling magma

A

crystallize

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13
Q

super heated water causes chemical reactions that change minerals into new ones

A

hydrothermal

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14
Q

what are a mineral’s properties caused by

A

it’s internal arrangement of atoms

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15
Q

is color a reliable way to identify a mineral

A

no because many minerals have the same color or one mineral can have many colors

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16
Q

the color of a mineral in it’s powdered form

A

streak

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17
Q

streak is more or less reliable than color

A

more reliable because some rocks have a unique color/streak combination

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18
Q

how do you test streak

A

rub the mineral across a streak plate (a piece of porcelain)

19
Q

the measure of the resistance of a mineral to being scratched

A

hardness

20
Q

how do you test hardness

A

rub the mineral across a glass plate and look for a groove

21
Q

hardness is based on

A

moh’s scale 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest)

22
Q

which minerals bubble in the presence of acid

A

calcite and dolomite

23
Q

the tendency of a mineral to cleave or break along flat even surfaces

A

cleavage

24
Q

the uneven breakage of a mineral

A

fracture

25
Q

describes how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral

A

luster

26
Q

which mineral has a metallic luster

A

pyrite

27
Q

which mineral has a non-metallic luster

A

kaolinite

28
Q

yellow streak, no cleavage (has fracture) hardness of 2 (soft)

A

sulfur

29
Q

rhombohedral cleavage, hardness of 3

A

Calcite

30
Q

cleaves in 2 directions at 90 degrees hardness of 6

A

potassium feldspar

31
Q

greasy feel, hardness of 1, (very soft) no cleavage has fracture

A

talc

32
Q

glassy luster, hardness of 7 (pretty hard) no cleavage (has fracture)

A

quartz

33
Q

most common mineral

A

quartz

34
Q

what do we classify minerals on

A

the basis of their chemical composition and observable properties

35
Q

whats not a good way to identify most minerals

A

color

36
Q

the color of a mineral in it’s powdered form

A

streak

37
Q

how are a mineral’s chemical properties determined

A

by their chemical composition (how their atoms are connected)

38
Q

the ability to scratch another mineral a mineral with a higher number can scratch a mineral with a lower number

A

hardness

39
Q

glass has a hardness of

A

5.5

40
Q

what is made of minerals

A

rocks

41
Q

the tendency of some minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces

A

cleavage

42
Q

the uneven breakage of a mineral (the opposite of cleavage)

A

fracture

43
Q

how light is reflected from the surface

A

luster (metallic or non-metallic)

Earth Science (Mine) (10 decks)

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