11.1 Notes

Question 1

Minerals are naturally or unnaturally occuring

Answer 1

naturally

Question 2

how do minerals form

Answer 2

natural geologic processes

Question 3

do they have an indefinite or definite chemical composition

Answer 3

definite

Question 4

how many elements make up most minerals

Answer 4

two or more

Question 5

are minerals organic or inorganic

Answer 5

inorganic-not living

Question 6

minerals have what type of crystalline structure

Answer 6

orderly

Question 7

how are atoms arranged in minerals

Answer 7

orderly and repetitive pattern

Question 8

a solid body having a visually symmetrical pattern to it’s atomic arrangement

Answer 8

crystals

Question 9

why do some minerals made of the same element look different

Answer 9

their atoms are arranged differently

Question 10

minerals are left behind from a body of water when it evaporates ex. sea salt as the water evaporates the mineral halite is left behind

Answer 10

precipitates

Question 11

what do heat and pressure do

Answer 11

change minerals into new materials

Question 12

minerals that form out of cooling magma

Answer 12

crystallize

Question 13

super heated water causes chemical reactions that change minerals into new ones

Answer 13

hydrothermal

Question 14

what are a mineral’s properties caused by

Answer 14

it’s internal arrangement of atoms

Question 15

is color a reliable way to identify a mineral

Answer 15

no because many minerals have the same color or one mineral can have many colors

Question 16

the color of a mineral in it’s powdered form

Answer 16

streak

Question 17

streak is more or less reliable than color

Answer 17

more reliable because some rocks have a unique color/streak combination

Question 18

how do you test streak

Answer 18

rub the mineral across a streak plate (a piece of porcelain)

Question 19

the measure of the resistance of a mineral to being scratched

Answer 19

hardness

Question 20

how do you test hardness

Answer 20

rub the mineral across a glass plate and look for a groove

Question 21

hardness is based on

Answer 21

moh’s scale 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest)

Question 22

which minerals bubble in the presence of acid

Answer 22

calcite and dolomite

Question 23

the tendency of a mineral to cleave or break along flat even surfaces

Answer 23

cleavage

Question 24

the uneven breakage of a mineral

Answer 24

fracture

Question 25

describes how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral

Answer 25

luster

Question 26

which mineral has a metallic luster

Answer 26

pyrite

Question 27

which mineral has a non-metallic luster

Answer 27

kaolinite

Question 28

yellow streak, no cleavage (has fracture) hardness of 2 (soft)

Answer 28

sulfur

Question 29

rhombohedral cleavage, hardness of 3

Answer 29

Calcite

Question 30

cleaves in 2 directions at 90 degrees hardness of 6

Answer 30

potassium feldspar

Question 31

greasy feel, hardness of 1, (very soft) no cleavage has fracture

Answer 31

talc

Question 32

glassy luster, hardness of 7 (pretty hard) no cleavage (has fracture)

Answer 32

quartz

Question 33

most common mineral

Answer 33

quartz

Question 34

what do we classify minerals on

Answer 34

the basis of their chemical composition and observable properties

Question 35

whats not a good way to identify most minerals

Answer 35

color

Question 36

the color of a mineral in it's powdered form

Answer 36

streak

Question 37

how are a mineral's chemical properties determined

Answer 37

by their chemical composition (how their atoms are connected)

Question 38

the ability to scratch another mineral a mineral with a higher number can scratch a mineral with a lower number

Answer 38

hardness

Question 39

glass has a hardness of

Answer 39

5.5

Question 40

what is made of minerals

Answer 40

rocks

Question 41

the tendency of some minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces

Answer 41

cleavage

Question 42

the uneven breakage of a mineral (the opposite of cleavage)

Answer 42

fracture

Question 43

how light is reflected from the surface

Answer 43

luster (metallic or non-metallic)