11.2 and 11.3 Notes Flashcards
any solid mass of mineral that occurs naturally
rocks
three major types of rocks
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
shows how rocks change from one type to another because of the interactions with water, air, and land
the rock cycle
processes driven by what are responsible for forming both igneous and metamorphic rocks
heat from Earth’s interior (internal energy)
weathering and the movement of weathered materials are external process powered by what
energy from the sun
what type of rocks does weathering produce
sedimentary rocks
what are rocks classified by
their origin, mineral content, and texture
what are rocks usually composed of
one or more minerals
conditions that existed when a rock is formed can be inferred from what
the rocks mineral content and texture
how are sedimentary rocks formed
by the compaction and cementation of sediments
how are igneous rocks formed
the solidification of magma
how are metamorphic rocks formed
heat and pressure
a process that squeezes or compacts sediments
compaction
a process in which rocks are physically and chemically broken down by water air and living things
weathering
the process of land being raised to a higher level
uplift
when an agent of erosion - water, wind, ice, or gravity - loses energy it drops the sediments
deposition
“Glue” takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among sediments
cementation
involves the removal of rock
erosion
sedimentary rocks can be classified into three main groups based on what
the way that they form
composed of weathered bits of rocks and minerals
Inorganic land-derived (Clastic Sediment)
how are clastic sediments classified by
their particle size
examples of inorganic land-derived sedimentary rocks
conglomerate - large grain size
shale with plant fossils -small grain size
forms when dissolved minerals precipitate from water solutions (water usually evaporates or boils)
chemical sedimentary rocks
examples of chemical sedimentary rocks
limestone and rock salt
forms when shell fragments are cemented together or when plant remains are compacted into rock
organically formed
examples of organically formed sedimentary rock
fossiliferous limestone and bituminous coal
in undisturbed rocks, the oldest layers are found on the bottom and the youngest at the top
the law of superpositioning
rocks formed along the beach or stream bed
ripple marks
formed when wet mud or clay dried and shrunk, leaving a rock record of a dry environment
mud cracks
traces of remains of ancient life (plants or animals)
fossils
I know this is a sedimentary rock because I see or feel
sediments of sand, stone, shells, or fossils
in what layers are sedimentary rock formed
flat horizontal layers
the sedimentary rock layers on top are ____ than the layers below them
younger
the sediments in a sedimentary rock are ___ than the actual rock
older
sedimentary rocks formed by the evaporation of water they are made of the materials that are left behind
evaporites
what contributes to the weathering of rock
water and colliding with other pieces of rock
form from the evaporation of water (dissolved materials are left behind)
crystalline sedimentary rocks
formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments
clastic sedimentary rocks
