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Earth Science (Mine) > 8.5-8.7 and 8.8-8.9 Notes > Flashcards

8.5-8.7 and 8.8-8.9 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

the lifting or removing of loose particles such as clay and silt (small particles)

A

deflation

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2
Q

wind blown sand blasts exposed rock, smoothing and polishing them

A

Abrasion

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3
Q

Where is wind erosion more effective?

A

Deserts than humid regions

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4
Q

Wind can only pick up what size particles?

A

Small light particles

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5
Q

in deserts the arid sediments are?

A

lighter

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6
Q

in humid regions the sediments are

A

wet and heavier

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7
Q

as energy is lost, larger particles are dropped first then smaller materials

A

graded bedding

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8
Q

how does wind deposit sediment

A

graded bedding

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9
Q

deposition due to wind results in

A

small sorted particles (large on the bottom, smaller as you go up)

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10
Q

wind blown silt blankets in a region

A

layers of loess

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11
Q

sand accumulated in a mound
sand begins to accumulate wherever an obstruction crosses it’s path slows movement

A

sand dunes

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12
Q

gentle slope is on the

A

windward side

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13
Q

steep is on the

A

leeward side

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14
Q

sloping layers caused by sand being deposited on the sheltered side of a dune. These layers are inclined in the direction the wind is blowing

A

crossbeds

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15
Q

erosion of sediments by wind is most common in what climates and where

A

arid climates along shorelines

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16
Q

wind deposits consist of

A

fine grained well sorted particles

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17
Q

wind deposited sediments have a what appearance and what layers

A

frosted appearance and cross bedded layers

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18
Q

what moves sand dunes

A

wind

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19
Q

what can winds cause

A

sand-blasted bedrock

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20
Q

where the land and a body of water meet

A

shoreline

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21
Q

waves along the shoreline are constantly ______, ______, and ______ sediments

A

weathering, eroding, depositing

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22
Q

balance between erosion and deposition

A

coast lines

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23
Q

waves can throw thousands of tons of water against the shore causing cracks in the coastal structures

A

Wave Impact

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24
Q

waves hit the shore at a slight angle because of this refraction headlands (or land that sticks out into the ocean) receive more erosion and the bays (areas between headlands) receive more deposition

A

Wave Refraction

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25
the grinding of rock fragment by the waves cause smooth rounded stones, pebbles, and shells to land on the shore
Abrasion
26
the longshore current shore flows parallel to the shore and moves large amounts of sediments horizontally along the coastline
longshore transport
27
shoreline features that are caused by the removal of sediment
erosional features
28
sediments moving along the shore are deposited in areas where the water slows
Depositional features
29
permanent land formation that forms between the mainland and the ocean
barrier beach
30
a temporary pile of sand at or above sea level
sand bar
31
deposition due to waves is usually ____ and _____
sorted and rounded
32
wave action rounds sediments as a result of
abrasion
33
wave action causes changes in shoreline features including
beaches, sandbars, and barrier islands
34
waves approaching a shoreline move sand _____ to the shore within the zone of breaking waves
parallel
35
longshore dirt moves sand along the beach in the direction of the
ocean current
36
mass movement (particles)
unsorted angular rock fragments
37
wind (particles)
small sorted particles
38
waves (particles)
sorted and rounded
39
thick masses of ice that form over thousands of years
Glaciers
40
ice that flows down mountain valleys at high altitudes
valley glacier ex. Alaska
41
ice that covers a large region where the climate where the climate is extremely cold, icebergs and ice ages
ice sheet ex. Antarctica
42
frost action loosens blocks of rocks and the glacier then lifts them away
plucking
43
the ice slides over the rocks like sandpaper
Abrasion
44
scratches left on the bedrock as the glacier moves over it
striations
45
deposition due to glaciers results in
unsorted and angular sediments
46
ice carves a wide valley pushing everything in it's way
u-shaped valley
47
unsorted sediments left behind from a glacier
till
48
ridges of till
moraine
49
an oval shaped mound of till
drumlin
50
a lake formed when the glacier begins to melt
glacial lake
51
small lake formed when a chunk of ice becomes dislodged and then melts
kettle lake
52
larges boulders dropped by melting ice
glacial erratic
53
glacier sediments are
unsorted
54
glaciers form what valleys
u-shaped
55
glaciers leave behind
parallel scratches (striations)
56
glaciers leave behind grooves in bedrock and parallel scratches (striations) from what
abrasion
57
glacial features include
moraines, drumlins, kettle lakes, finger lakes, and outwash plains
58
a block of ice left by a glacier will create
a kettle lake
59
a teardrop shaped piles of sediments left by a glacier is called a
drumlin
60
the movement of water in streams, rivers, and other channels
stream flow
61
the course that the water flows
stream channel
62
friction caused by
shape, size, and roughness of the channel
63
less friction
faster
64
more friction
slower
65
the slope or steepness of a stream channel
gradient
66
the volume of water that flows past a certain point in a given time
stream discharge
67
variables that affect discharge
size of channel, velocity, climate
68
a bend in a stream
meander
69
streams ____ in gradient as it moves from it's source to it's mouth
decrease
70
streams start
at higher elevations and move downhill
71
upstream the
channels are smaller, rougher, and have more friction (slower)
72
downstream has a higher
amount of water flowing through it (discharge)
73
downstream has
channels that are wider, smoother, and have less friction (faster)
74
downstream has
channels that are wider, smoother, and have less friction (faster)
75
smaller streams that flow into larger streams
tributaries
76
a primary agent of erosion
running water
77
the speed of the stream depends on the ___ and _____
gradient (how steep the slope) and volume (discharge)
78
sediments transported by streams tend to become
rounded as a result of abrasion by bumping into other rocks
79
the size of the particle transported depends on the
stream's velocity
80
which particles settle first in water
heavy, dense, and round
81
which particles slide and bounce along the bottom
sand and pebbles
82
which particles are carried in suspension
silt and clay
83
what is carried in a solution
minerals
84
as the velocity increases the size of the sediment a particle can carry
increases
85
as the amount of water in a stream increases (discharge) the velocity will
increase
86
what is the area drained by a stream and it's tributaries
watershed
87
when a stream ends at a body of water the largest sediments are dropped first as the water ___
slows down
88
which sediments go the farthest
the smallest
89
what is sorting of sediments by a stream called
delta
90
streams generally erode their channel by
lifting loose particles
91
the stronger the current the more
erosional power it has
92
sediments carried in a stream can erode solid rock by the process of
abrasion
93
streams transport sediments by
solution, suspension, and bed load
94
solution
dissolved materials
95
floating materials travel as fast as the water (most common)
suspension
96
large sediments that are transported by rolling or scooting
bed load
97
the maximum load a stream can carry
capacity
98
occurs as a stream flow decreases
stream deposition
99
larger particles drop
first
100
smaller particles drop
last
101
stream _____ varies within a stream channel
velocity
102
maximum velocity occurs on the _____ of channel bends
outside
103
minimum velocity occurs on the ____ of bends
inside
104
highest speed in center
straight section
105
steeper on the left (erosion) gentle on the right (deposition) faster in the center of the deepest location
left meander
106
steeper on the right (erosion) gentle on the right (deposition) faster in the center of the deepest location
right meander
107
a wide valley created when a river erodes the banks of it's stream channel. the side to side cutting creates a flat valley floor
floodplain
108
where deposition cuts off meanders this is formed
oxbow lake
109
forms when sediment builds up at the mouth of a river because the water slows as it enters a larger body of water
delta
110
streams form what shaped valleys
v-shaped
111
stream deposits are
sorted round and smooth
112
the velocity of a stream is greatest on the ___ of a meander
outside
113
what occurs on the inside of a meander
depostion
114
is the velocity fast or slow on the inside of a meander
slow
115
what occurs on the outside of a meander
erosion
116
is velocity fast or slow on the outside of a meander
fast

Earth Science (Mine) (10 decks)

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