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Earth Science (Mine) > 10.1 - 10.3 Notes > Flashcards

10.1 - 10.3 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes liquids to rearrange in layers

A

density

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2
Q

a thin outer layer of Earth

A

crust

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3
Q

made of basaltic rock more dense

A

oceanic crust

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4
Q

made of granitic rock

A

continental crust

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5
Q

what does MOHO stand for

A

mohorovicic discontinuity

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6
Q

what does the moho do

A

separates the crust from the underlying mantle

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7
Q

do earthquake waves increase or decrease speed when they reach the MOHO

A

increase

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8
Q

a soft weak layer beneath the lithosphere

A

asthenosphere (plastic mantle)

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9
Q

what are rocks close to in the asthenosphere

A

their melting point

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10
Q

what moves the soft hot rock towards the surface and the cooler rock further into the earth in the plastic mantle

A

convection currents

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11
Q

where do plates move

A

in the direction of the convection currents

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12
Q

earths outermost layer

A

lithosphere

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13
Q

what does the lithosphere consist of

A

crust and rigid mantle

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14
Q

a solid rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 km

A

lower mantle -stiffer mantle

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15
Q

the mantle composition was determined from

A

rocky meteorites

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16
Q

the deepest layers of the earth

A

core

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17
Q

what is the core composed of

A

iron and nickel

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18
Q

is outer core solid or liquid

A

liquid

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19
Q

the outer core has none of which waves

A

s-waves

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20
Q

does p-wave velocity increase or decrease in the core

A

increases

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21
Q

the p waves are _____ by the liquid outer core

A

refracted

22
Q

the s waves are _____ by the liquid outer core

A

absorbed

23
Q

oceanic crust is more or less dense

A

more

24
Q

oceanic crust has more or less basalt

A

more

25
Q

oceanic crust is thicker or thinner

A

thinner

26
Q

oceanic crust is younger or older

A

younger

27
Q

continental crust is more or less dense

A

less

28
Q

continental crust has more basalt or more granite

A

more granite

29
Q

continental crust is thicker or thinner

A

thicker

30
Q

continental crust is younger or older

A

older

31
Q

what are evidence of continental drift

A

the continental puzzle, matching fossils, rock types and landforms, ancient climates

32
Q

Starting 10.2
whose continental drift hypothesis stated the continents once joined together to form a super continent

A

alfred wegener

33
Q

the continents look as if they were pieces from what

A

a giant jigsaw puzzle

34
Q

several of the same fossil organisms found in different landscapes is evidence of what

A

continental drift

35
Q

several mountains belts that end at one coastline reappear on what

A

landmasses across the ocean

36
Q

glacial striations and till are found in several continents that are now

A

warm

37
Q

why did most scientists reject Wegener’s hypothesis

A

he could not explain how the continents moved

38
Q

theory that the Earth’s surface is composed of several large, rigid plates that move because of convection currents in the mantle

A

plate tectonics

39
Q

10.3 notes
hypothesis that the continents were moving and used to be one large landmass called Pangea

A

continental drift

40
Q

theory that the earth is broken up into several plates that move because of convection currents in the mantle

A

plate tectonics

41
Q

evidence of previous magnetic orientation preserved in the rock record

A

paleomagnetism

42
Q

strongest evidence of seafloor spreading

A

strips of alternating polarity

43
Q

how do strips of alternating polarity lie on the ocean floor

A

in mirror images

44
Q

when rocks show the same magnetism as the present magnetic field

A

normal polarity

45
Q

when rocks show the opposite magnetism as the present magnetic field

A

reverse polarity

46
Q

the youngest oceanic crust is at the ridge crest and the oldest oceanic crust is at the continental margins

A

ocean drilling

47
Q

ocean drilling proves

A

seafloor spreading

48
Q

scientists found a close link between earthquakes, what, and what

A

plate boundaries and volcanoes ex. ring of fire

49
Q

concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma which rises to earths surface

A

hot spot

50
Q

what moves over a hot spot producing the Hawaiian islands

A

the pacific plate

51
Q

what do hot spots support

A

the evidence that plates move over earths surface

Earth Science (Mine) (10 decks)

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