10.1 - 10.3 Notes

Question 1

What causes liquids to rearrange in layers

Answer 1

density

Question 2

a thin outer layer of Earth

Answer 2

crust

Question 3

made of basaltic rock more dense

Answer 3

oceanic crust

Question 4

made of granitic rock

Answer 4

continental crust

Question 5

what does MOHO stand for

Answer 5

mohorovicic discontinuity

Question 6

what does the moho do

Answer 6

separates the crust from the underlying mantle

Question 7

do earthquake waves increase or decrease speed when they reach the MOHO

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

a soft weak layer beneath the lithosphere

Answer 8

asthenosphere (plastic mantle)

Question 9

what are rocks close to in the asthenosphere

Answer 9

their melting point

Question 10

what moves the soft hot rock towards the surface and the cooler rock further into the earth in the plastic mantle

Answer 10

convection currents

Question 11

where do plates move

Answer 11

in the direction of the convection currents

Question 12

earths outermost layer

Answer 12

lithosphere

Question 13

what does the lithosphere consist of

Answer 13

crust and rigid mantle

Question 14

a solid rocky shell that extends to a depth of 2890 km

Answer 14

lower mantle -stiffer mantle

Question 15

the mantle composition was determined from

Answer 15

rocky meteorites

Question 16

the deepest layers of the earth

Answer 16

core

Question 17

what is the core composed of

Answer 17

iron and nickel

Question 18

is outer core solid or liquid

Answer 18

liquid

Question 19

the outer core has none of which waves

Answer 19

s-waves

Question 20

does p-wave velocity increase or decrease in the core

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

the p waves are _____ by the liquid outer core

Answer 21

refracted

Question 22

the s waves are _____ by the liquid outer core

Answer 22

absorbed

Question 23

oceanic crust is more or less dense

Answer 23

more

Question 24

oceanic crust has more or less basalt

Answer 24

more

Question 25

oceanic crust is thicker or thinner

Answer 25

thinner

Question 26

oceanic crust is younger or older

Answer 26

younger

Question 27

continental crust is more or less dense

Answer 27

less

Question 28

continental crust has more basalt or more granite

Answer 28

more granite

Question 29

continental crust is thicker or thinner

Answer 29

thicker

Question 30

continental crust is younger or older

Answer 30

older

Question 31

what are evidence of continental drift

Answer 31

the continental puzzle, matching fossils, rock types and landforms, ancient climates

Question 32

Starting 10.2 whose continental drift hypothesis stated the continents once joined together to form a super continent

Answer 32

alfred wegener

Question 33

the continents look as if they were pieces from what

Answer 33

a giant jigsaw puzzle

Question 34

several of the same fossil organisms found in different landscapes is evidence of what

Answer 34

continental drift

Question 35

several mountains belts that end at one coastline reappear on what

Answer 35

landmasses across the ocean

Question 36

glacial striations and till are found in several continents that are now

Answer 36

warm

Question 37

why did most scientists reject Wegener's hypothesis

Answer 37

he could not explain how the continents moved

Question 38

theory that the Earth's surface is composed of several large, rigid plates that move because of convection currents in the mantle

Answer 38

plate tectonics

Question 39

10.3 notes hypothesis that the continents were moving and used to be one large landmass called Pangea

Answer 39

continental drift

Question 40

theory that the earth is broken up into several plates that move because of convection currents in the mantle

Answer 40

plate tectonics

Question 41

evidence of previous magnetic orientation preserved in the rock record

Answer 41

paleomagnetism

Question 42

strongest evidence of seafloor spreading

Answer 42

strips of alternating polarity

Question 43

how do strips of alternating polarity lie on the ocean floor

Answer 43

in mirror images

Question 44

when rocks show the same magnetism as the present magnetic field

Answer 44

normal polarity

Question 45

when rocks show the opposite magnetism as the present magnetic field

Answer 45

reverse polarity

Question 46

the youngest oceanic crust is at the ridge crest and the oldest oceanic crust is at the continental margins

Answer 46

ocean drilling

Question 47

ocean drilling proves

Answer 47

seafloor spreading

Question 48

scientists found a close link between earthquakes, what, and what

Answer 48

plate boundaries and volcanoes ex. ring of fire

Question 49

concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma which rises to earths surface

Answer 49

hot spot

Question 50

what moves over a hot spot producing the Hawaiian islands

Answer 50

the pacific plate

Question 51

what do hot spots support

Answer 51

the evidence that plates move over earths surface