9.1 and 9.2 notes Flashcards
a region on Earth’s surface in which landforms have a common origin
Landscape
shows the shape of the land (highlights various landscape regions)
Topography
the change in elevation
relief
how many major landscape regions are there?
3
how are the major landscape regions classified?
bedrock and elevation
mountains have what amount of change in elevation
greatest
mountains have
peaks and valleys
mountains are also known as
highlands
mountain bedrock is not
horizontal
mountains usually have what type of rock
metamorphic
plateaus are also known as
uplands
plateaus have what relief
medium relief
plateaus have
several stream valleys
plateaus have what type of bedrock layers
flat
plateaus have what type of rock
sedimentary
what are alleghany and catskills?
plateaus
what are the adirondacks
mountains
plains are also known as
lowlands
plains have what relief
little relief
plains have what elevation
low elevation
plains are
flat
the ____ and ____ of precipitation influence measurable landscape characteristics
amount and distribution
landscapes in arid climates have what type of soil
thin
arid landscapes with what humus
little humus (organic matter)
arid landscapes have what angles and what slopes
sharp angles and steep slopes
landscapes in moist climates have what soil
thick and rich soil
landscapes in moist have what features
smooth and rounded
softer erodes
faster than harder, durable rock
the more durable layers will form
the steepest slopes or cliffs
durable rock form higher portions of a landscape like
plateaus, mountains, and cliffs
the way water flows off the landscape depends on the bedrock structure
drainage patterns
drainage patterns are determined by _____ join larger streams
tributaries or small streams
mountainous areas, water flows in all directions
radial
plateaus, folded or faulted bedrock
dendritic (branching)
plains-very flat areas, water branches together
trellis (rectangular)
forms when an igneous intrusion is exposed at the surface
annular
all of the water that drains off a landscape region into a body of water (ocean or stream)
drainage basin (watershed)
streams form what shaped valleys
v shaped
glaciers form what shaped valleys
u shaped
an arid landscape has what slopes with what angles
steep slopes with high angles
a humid landscape has what slopes with what corners
steep slopes with rounded corners
plateaus have what layers
flat horizontal layers
plateaus have what elevation
high elevation that has been weathered
mountains has layers that have been
squeezed and bent
the result of the interaction of tectonic plates colliding and the processes of weather, erosion, and deposition
landforms
what is evidence that layers have been lifted
fossils of marine life at high elevations
what landscape region is Lancaster, NY
plateau
all of the water on planet Earth
hydrosphere
the constant movement of water among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere
water cycle
the process of converting liquid water to a gaseous form in the environment
evaporation
the release of absorbed water by plants into the atmosphere
transpiration
water vapor changing back into liquid water, clouds are formed by this
condensation
droplets join together until they are too heavy any form of water that falls from a cloud
precipitation
the movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and spaces
infiltration
water that does not infiltrate flows over the land into rivers and lakes only occurs when rainfalls exceeds the earth’s ability to absorb it
run off
unable to hold or contain more (full)
saturated
capable of absorbing more of something
unsaturated
having pores or opening that permit liquids or gases to pass through
permeable
not allowing the passage (of a liquid) through it’s substance
impermeable
occurs when the average precipitation over the earth equals the amount of water that evaporates
dynamic equillibrium
earth has been recycling water since the
outgassing of water early in its history
how is water returned from the atmosphere to earths surface
precipitation
forms of precipitation
rain snow and sleet
how does water return to the atmosphere
evaporation or transpiration from plants
the process by which living plants release water vapor back into the atmosphere
transpiration
the rate of evaporation increases when
surface area increases
what increases the rate of evaporation and transpiration
dry hot and windy conditions
what forms clouds
condensation
water soaking into the soil
infiltration
water travelling down on top of the land (in rivers and streams)
runoff
source of energy for the water cycle
the sun
