10.4 - 10.6 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

plate movement is caused by

A

convection currents pulling and pushing the crust

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2
Q

where two plates are moving apart

A

divergent boundaries

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3
Q

large areas where the crust has fractured and created depressions with steep walls common feature of a divergent boundary

A

rift valleys

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4
Q

mountainous ranges where magma reaches the surface

A

oceanic ridges

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5
Q

seafloor spreading produces

A

new crust

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6
Q

where two plates grind past each other

A

transform boundaries

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7
Q

plates are ____ to the direction of plate movement in transform boundaries

A

parallel

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8
Q

what do transform boundaries usually join

A

two segments of a mid-ocean ridge

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9
Q

where two plates are moving together

A

convergent boundaries

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10
Q

occurs when one plate moves under the other

A

subduction zone

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11
Q

denser oceanic crust ___ into the asthenosphere

A

sink

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12
Q

what develops and rises on the oceanic-continental boundary

A

pockets of magma

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13
Q

what forms by the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent

A

continental volcanoes

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14
Q

when two oceanic plates converge and one descends beneath the other

A

oceanic-oceanic boundary

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15
Q

an oceanic-oceanic boundary forms what

A

volcanoes on the ocean floor

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16
Q

what forms as a volcano emerges from the sea

A

volcanic islands

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17
Q

when two continental plates collide and one plate subducts under the other

A

continental-continental boundary

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18
Q

what does continental-continental boundary produce

A

mountain ranges such as the Himalayas

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19
Q

zones of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from the thick continental crust

A

continental margin

20
Q

large flat sediment covered area of the ocean floor

A

abyssal plain

21
Q

underwater mountain system formed by divergent plates - creates new crust

A

mid ocean ridge

22
Q

as plates move apart faults are created. Sections of crust can drop down creating depressions

A

rift valley

23
Q

a long narrow steep sided depression caused by a subduction zone

24
Q

a submarine mountain that creates an island when it reaches the surface of the ocean

A

seamount/island

25
the vibrations of Earth's crust produced by the rapid release of energy
earthquake
26
what is a earthquake caused by
slippage along a break in the Earth's crust
27
the location on the surface directly above the focus
epicenter
28
fractures in earths crust where movement has occurred
fault line
29
the point within the earth where the earthquake starts and energy releases
focus
30
when there is movement along a ____ stored energy is released
fault
31
the vibrations from an earthquake are caused by the rocks trying to
return to their original state
32
when the strength of the rock is exceeded
it suddenly breaks causing the vibrations of an earthquake
33
the study of earthquake waves
seismology
34
instruments that record earthquake waves
seismograph
35
a recording of ground motion
seismograph
36
p-waves are which waves
compression waves (push-pull waves)
37
p-waves do what in the direction they travel
compress and expand
38
p-waves can travel through
solids, liquids, and gases
39
p-waves have the greatest what of all earthquake waves
velocity
40
s-waves are
transverse waves
41
particles move __ in the direction they travel (s-waves)
90 degrees
42
s-waves travel only through
solids
43
s-waves have a slower what compared to p-waves
velocity
44
surface waves travel
along the earth's outer layer (crust)
45
what are the most destructive earthquake waves
L-waves
46
the ground moves up and down and back and forth for which waves
L-waves