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Chemistry 30 > 9.2 Alkanes from Natural Gas > Flashcards

9.2 Alkanes from Natural Gas Flashcards

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1
Q

What is solubility theory?

A

Non-polar substances (oil) do not dissolve in polar substances (water).
Some ionic substances (limestone) are slightly soluble in water, and no ionic substances dissolve in oil

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2
Q

What composition is natural gas primarily?

A

Methane

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3
Q

What is the smallest Alkane molecule?

A

Methane

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4
Q

What is an Alkane?

A

A class of hydrocarbons that contain single bonds and only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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5
Q

What do impurities do to natural gas?

A

Make it “sour”

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6
Q

What does it mean for natural gas to be sour?

A

It contains hydrogen sulphide gas which is very toxic

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7
Q

What happens to Hydrogen Sulphide when mixed with water?

A

Acidic solution

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8
Q

What effects does hydrogen sulphide gas have on humans?

A

It is deadly

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9
Q

What is the first step when raw natural gas reaches a treatment plant?

A

Water and liquid hydrocarbons are removed from the gas before it is chemically refined in an absorber tower

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10
Q

What happens in the chemical process of refining natural gas?

A

The sour natural gas reacts with an an amine under a high temperature

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11
Q

What happens as a result of gas reacting with an amine?

A

The amine sweetens the gas by removing the hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide gasses

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12
Q

What happens when hydrogen sulphide is removed from natural gas?

A

It reacts with oxygen to produce sulphur dioxide. It is then sent to a sulphur recovery unit containing claus converters

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13
Q

What do claus converters do to hydrogen sulphide and sulphur oxide?

A

It turns it to elemental sulphur and water vapor

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14
Q

What does naturally sweet natural gas need to have done on it?

A

It needs to have water, liquid hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide removed

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15
Q

What happens as natural gas as it moves to a fractional distillation plant?

A

The natural gas is cooled under high pressure to condense all the components except methane gas. The condensed portion is then distilled to separate out the different gases

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16
Q

What is methane used for?

A

Heating homes, fueling taxis, producing hydrogen and methanol

17
Q

What is propane used for?

A

Heating homes and vacation trailers, fueling BBQs and stoves

18
Q

What is pentane used for?

A

Winter additive to gasoline for greater vaporization

19
Q

What is the molecular formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

20
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A sequence of molecules with similar structure and differing only the number of repeating units

21
Q

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds of carbon and hydrogen containing only carbon-carbon single bonds with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bound to each carbon

22
Q

What are 2 classifications of alkanes?

A

Homologous series and saturated hydrocarbons

23
Q

What does the prefix of each alkane represent?

A

The number of carbon atoms in the molecule

24
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structures

25
Q

What does the name of a compound indicate in terms of structure?

A

Weather there are branches on a carbon chain

26
Q

What do prefixes determine in terms of structure of a compound?

A

They identify groups of atoms that form branches on the structures of larger molecules

27
Q

What is a branch?

A

Any group of atoms that is not part of the main structure of the molecule

28
Q

What is an alkyl branch?

A

A branch consisting of only singly bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms

29
Q

What do they names of alkyl branches look like?

A

The prefixes are followed by a -yl suffix ex. methyl

30
Q

How are branched Alkanes named?

A

First identify the parent chain, then identify what the branch’s name is. The branch name is used as a prefix while the regular names is left.

31
Q

What is a cycloalkane?

A

When the carbon-carbon bonds in a cyclic hydrocarbon are single bonds

32
Q

How are cycloalkanes named?

A

By placing the prefix cyclo in front of the alkane name

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