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Chemistry 30 > 14.1 > Flashcards

14.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who invented the first electric cell?

A

Alessandro Volta

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2
Q

What is an electric cell?

A

A device that continuously converts chemical energy into electrical energy

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3
Q

What is a battery?

A

group of 2 or more electric cells connected to each other in a series

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4
Q

How did volta improve his original battery?

A

He replaces the bowls of brine with paper soaked in brine. He replaced the metal rods with metal sheets

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5
Q

What is a voltaic pile?

A

Volta’s version of a battery

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6
Q

What is an electric cell composed of?

A

Two electrodes and an electrolyte

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7
Q

What is an electrode?

A

A solid electrical conductor

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8
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

An aqueous electrical conductor

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9
Q

What are the electrodes usually?

A

Two metals or a graphite and a metal. In some cases one of the electrodes is the container

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10
Q

What is a cathode?

A

A positive electrode

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11
Q

What is an anode?

A

A negative electrode

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12
Q

How do electrons flow in a cell?

A

From the anode to the cathode

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13
Q

What is electricity?

A

The flow of electrons

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14
Q

What is a voltmeter?

A

A device that can measure electric potential difference or voltage

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15
Q

What is electric potential difference or voltage?

A

The energy difference, per unit electric charge, between any 2 points in an electric circuit.

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16
Q

What is voltage measured in?

A

Volts (V)

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17
Q

What does the voltage of a cell depend on?

A

Mainly on the chemical composition of the chemical reactants in the cell

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18
Q

What is electric current measured by?

A

An ammeter

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19
Q

What is electric current measured in?

A

Amperes (A)

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20
Q

What is electric current?

A

A measure of the rate of flow of charge past a point in an electrical circuit

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21
Q

How are electric current and the size of a cell related?

A

The larger the electrical cell, the greater the current that can be produced by the cell

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22
Q

What does coulombs (C) measure?

A

The charge transferred by a cell or battery. And expresses the total charge transferred by the movement of charged particles

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23
Q

What is the power of a cell or battery?

A

The rate a which it produces electrical energy

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24
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts (W)

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25
Q

How is watts calculated?

A

Electrical current x Voltage

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26
Q

What is the energy density or specific energy of a battery?

A

A measure of the quantity of energy stored or supplied per a unit mass

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27
Q

What is energy density measured in?

A

Joules per a kilogram

28
Q

What is the symbol for charge?

A

Q

29
Q

What is the unit for charge?

A

coulomb

30
Q

What is the unit symbol for charge?

A

C

31
Q

What is the symbol for current?

A

I

32
Q

What is the meter for current?

A

Ammeter

33
Q

What is the unit for current?

A

Ampere

34
Q

What is the unit symbol for ampere?

A

A

35
Q

What is one ampere equal to?

A

A = C/s

36
Q

What is the symbol for potential difference?

A

V

37
Q

What is the meter for potential difference?

A

Voltmeter

38
Q

What is the unit for potential difference?

A

Volt

39
Q

What is the unit symbol for Volts?

A

V

40
Q

What is one volt equal to?

A

V = J/C

41
Q

What is the symbol for power?

A

P

42
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

Watt

43
Q

What is the unit symbol for Watt?

A

W

44
Q

What is one watt equal to?

A

W = J/s

45
Q

What is the unit for energy density?

A

Joules per kilogram

46
Q

What is the unit symbol for energy density?

A

Joules per kilogram

47
Q

What is the unit kilogram for joule per kilogram?

A

J/kg

48
Q

What are primary cells?

A

Cells that cannot be recharged

49
Q

What are dry cells?

A

Cells where the electrolyte is absorbed into a paste

50
Q

What are secondary cells?

A

Cells that can be recharged using electricity that can reverse the chemical reaction that occurs when electricity is produced by the cells

51
Q

What is the most common and reliable secondary cell?

A

The lead acid cell in a typical car battery

52
Q

What allows a battery to be recharged?

A

If the reactants are stable with no further reactions occuring and if the products are able to travel through the electrolyte toward the appropriate electrode

53
Q

How do fuel cells produce electricity?

A

By the reaction of fuel that is continuously supplied

54
Q

What advantages does the fuel cell have over the burning of fossil fuels?

A

Fuel cells are more efficient

They don’t produce greenhouse gases

55
Q

What did the first fuel cell use as electrodes?

A

Platinum

56
Q

What did the first fuel cell use as fuel?

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

57
Q

What did the first fuel cell use as electrolytes?

A

Sulfuric Acid

58
Q

What did the first practical fuel cell use?

A

An alkaline electrolyte and electrodes constructed of porous nickel. Oxygen and hydrogen were the fuel

59
Q

Why is the hydrogen oxygen fuel cell that nasa developed not used for long times??

A

Becauses the electrolyte (Potassium Hydroxide) is corrosive

60
Q

What is the most common metal air fuel cell?

A

Aluminium-air cell

61
Q

How does an aluminum-air (oxygen) cell work?

A

Air is pumped into the cell and oxygen reacts at the cathode while aluminium reacts at the anode

62
Q

What is the fuel of the aluminium air cell?

A

Aluminium metal

63
Q

What is good about the aluminum air cell?

A

Its simple design makes it available to make at any size
They have a high energy density
Storage and transportation is easy

64
Q

Why do aluminum air cells have a high energy density?

A

Because 3 moles of electrons are released for every mole of aluminium

65
Q

What fuel cells are commercial fuel cells usually?

A

Acid electrolyte cells and use natural gas as a source of hydrogen for the fuel cell

Chemistry 30 (25 decks)

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