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Chemistry 30 > 14.1 > Flashcards

14.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who invented the first electric cell?

A

Alessandro Volta

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2
Q

What is an electric cell?

A

A device that continuously converts chemical energy into electrical energy

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3
Q

What is a battery?

A

group of 2 or more electric cells connected to each other in a series

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4
Q

How did volta improve his original battery?

A

He replaces the bowls of brine with paper soaked in brine. He replaced the metal rods with metal sheets

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5
Q

What is a voltaic pile?

A

Volta’s version of a battery

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6
Q

What is an electric cell composed of?

A

Two electrodes and an electrolyte

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7
Q

What is an electrode?

A

A solid electrical conductor

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8
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

An aqueous electrical conductor

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9
Q

What are the electrodes usually?

A

Two metals or a graphite and a metal. In some cases one of the electrodes is the container

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10
Q

What is a cathode?

A

A positive electrode

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11
Q

What is an anode?

A

A negative electrode

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12
Q

How do electrons flow in a cell?

A

From the anode to the cathode

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13
Q

What is electricity?

A

The flow of electrons

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14
Q

What is a voltmeter?

A

A device that can measure electric potential difference or voltage

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15
Q

What is electric potential difference or voltage?

A

The energy difference, per unit electric charge, between any 2 points in an electric circuit.

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16
Q

What is voltage measured in?

A

Volts (V)

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17
Q

What does the voltage of a cell depend on?

A

Mainly on the chemical composition of the chemical reactants in the cell

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18
Q

What is electric current measured by?

A

An ammeter

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19
Q

What is electric current measured in?

A

Amperes (A)

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20
Q

What is electric current?

A

A measure of the rate of flow of charge past a point in an electrical circuit

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21
Q

How are electric current and the size of a cell related?

A

The larger the electrical cell, the greater the current that can be produced by the cell

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22
Q

What does coulombs (C) measure?

A

The charge transferred by a cell or battery. And expresses the total charge transferred by the movement of charged particles

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23
Q

What is the power of a cell or battery?

A

The rate a which it produces electrical energy

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24
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts (W)

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25
How is watts calculated?
Electrical current x Voltage
26
What is the energy density or specific energy of a battery?
A measure of the quantity of energy stored or supplied per a unit mass
27
What is energy density measured in?
Joules per a kilogram
28
What is the symbol for charge?
Q
29
What is the unit for charge?
coulomb
30
What is the unit symbol for charge?
C
31
What is the symbol for current?
I
32
What is the meter for current?
Ammeter
33
What is the unit for current?
Ampere
34
What is the unit symbol for ampere?
A
35
What is one ampere equal to?
A = C/s
36
What is the symbol for potential difference?
V
37
What is the meter for potential difference?
Voltmeter
38
What is the unit for potential difference?
Volt
39
What is the unit symbol for Volts?
V
40
What is one volt equal to?
V = J/C
41
What is the symbol for power?
P
42
What is the unit for power?
Watt
43
What is the unit symbol for Watt?
W
44
What is one watt equal to?
W = J/s
45
What is the unit for energy density?
Joules per kilogram
46
What is the unit symbol for energy density?
Joules per kilogram
47
What is the unit kilogram for joule per kilogram?
J/kg
48
What are primary cells?
Cells that cannot be recharged
49
What are dry cells?
Cells where the electrolyte is absorbed into a paste
50
What are secondary cells?
Cells that can be recharged using electricity that can reverse the chemical reaction that occurs when electricity is produced by the cells
51
What is the most common and reliable secondary cell?
The lead acid cell in a typical car battery
52
What allows a battery to be recharged?
If the reactants are stable with no further reactions occuring and if the products are able to travel through the electrolyte toward the appropriate electrode
53
How do fuel cells produce electricity?
By the reaction of fuel that is continuously supplied
54
What advantages does the fuel cell have over the burning of fossil fuels?
Fuel cells are more efficient | They don't produce greenhouse gases
55
What did the first fuel cell use as electrodes?
Platinum
56
What did the first fuel cell use as fuel?
Hydrogen and oxygen
57
What did the first fuel cell use as electrolytes?
Sulfuric Acid
58
What did the first practical fuel cell use?
An alkaline electrolyte and electrodes constructed of porous nickel. Oxygen and hydrogen were the fuel
59
Why is the hydrogen oxygen fuel cell that nasa developed not used for long times??
Becauses the electrolyte (Potassium Hydroxide) is corrosive
60
What is the most common metal air fuel cell?
Aluminium-air cell
61
How does an aluminum-air (oxygen) cell work?
Air is pumped into the cell and oxygen reacts at the cathode while aluminium reacts at the anode
62
What is the fuel of the aluminium air cell?
Aluminium metal
63
What is good about the aluminum air cell?
Its simple design makes it available to make at any size They have a high energy density Storage and transportation is easy
64
Why do aluminum air cells have a high energy density?
Because 3 moles of electrons are released for every mole of aluminium
65
What fuel cells are commercial fuel cells usually?
Acid electrolyte cells and use natural gas as a source of hydrogen for the fuel cell

Chemistry 30 (25 decks)

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