10.1, 10.2, 10.3 Flashcards
What is the petrochemical industry?
A secondary and tertiary industry that takes raw materials such as crude oil and natural gas, and feedstocks such as ethane and converts them into value added chemicals
What are the primary Petrochemicals?
Methanol Ethylene Benzene Propylene Butadiene Benzene
What are primary petrochemicals used for?
To make primary petrochemicals and derivatives
What percentage of fossil fuels is used to produce petrochemicals?
5%
How is ethene produced?
By cracking ethane that is extracted from natural gas
What are natural gas liquids or liquefied petroleum gases?
Gases that are extracted from liquids
What are the 2 main classes of organic compounds?
Hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives
What are hydrocarbon derivatives?
Molecular compounds of carbon, usually hydrogen and one other element
What are the hydrocarbon derivatives families?
Organic Halides Alcohols Carboxylic acids Esters Polymers
What are Organic Halides?
Organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen (group 17) atoms
What is the functional group for organic halides?
The halogen atom
What is a functional group?
A characteristic arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines the most important chemical and physical properties of a class of compounds
What are examples of organic halides?
Freons (chlorofluorocarbons) in fridges and AC. Teflon used in cookware
What effect do organic halides have on people?
They are toxic and carcinogenic
What is the function of Organic Halides?
They are solvents that can dissolve non-polar hydrocarbons and polar hydrocarbons
What is the polarity of Organic Halides?
They may be polar or nonpolar and they may have a relatively non-polar hydrocarbon end and a polar halide end
What are addition reactions?
When unsaturated hydrocarbons react with small diatomic molecules such as bromine and hydrogen
What is a substitution reaction?
Breaking a carbon or hydrogen bond in an alkane or an aromatic ring and replacing the hydrogen atom with another group of atoms
What do alcohols contain?
Hydroxyl groups -OH
Why do alcohols boil at higher temperatures?
Because of the hydrogen bonds
Why are smaller alcohols soluble in water?
Because of their size, polarity, and hydrogen bonding
What are larger alcohols?
Less soluble in water and good solvents
Why is alcohol added to gasoline?
To reduce harmful emissions
What is an old method for creating methanol?
Breaking down cellulose found in wood
