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Chemistry 30 > 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 > Flashcards

10.1, 10.2, 10.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the petrochemical industry?

A

A secondary and tertiary industry that takes raw materials such as crude oil and natural gas, and feedstocks such as ethane and converts them into value added chemicals

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2
Q

What are the primary Petrochemicals?

A 
Methanol
Ethylene
Benzene
Propylene
Butadiene
Benzene
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3
Q

What are primary petrochemicals used for?

A

To make primary petrochemicals and derivatives

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4
Q

What percentage of fossil fuels is used to produce petrochemicals?

A

5%

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5
Q

How is ethene produced?

A

By cracking ethane that is extracted from natural gas

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6
Q

What are natural gas liquids or liquefied petroleum gases?

A

Gases that are extracted from liquids

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7
Q

What are the 2 main classes of organic compounds?

A

Hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives

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8
Q

What are hydrocarbon derivatives?

A

Molecular compounds of carbon, usually hydrogen and one other element

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9
Q

What are the hydrocarbon derivatives families?

A 
Organic Halides
Alcohols
Carboxylic acids
Esters
Polymers
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10
Q

What are Organic Halides?

A

Organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen (group 17) atoms

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11
Q

What is the functional group for organic halides?

A

The halogen atom

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12
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A characteristic arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines the most important chemical and physical properties of a class of compounds

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13
Q

What are examples of organic halides?

A

Freons (chlorofluorocarbons) in fridges and AC. Teflon used in cookware

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14
Q

What effect do organic halides have on people?

A

They are toxic and carcinogenic

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15
Q

What is the function of Organic Halides?

A

They are solvents that can dissolve non-polar hydrocarbons and polar hydrocarbons

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16
Q

What is the polarity of Organic Halides?

A

They may be polar or nonpolar and they may have a relatively non-polar hydrocarbon end and a polar halide end

17
Q

What are addition reactions?

A

When unsaturated hydrocarbons react with small diatomic molecules such as bromine and hydrogen

18
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

Breaking a carbon or hydrogen bond in an alkane or an aromatic ring and replacing the hydrogen atom with another group of atoms

19
Q

What do alcohols contain?

A

Hydroxyl groups -OH

20
Q

Why do alcohols boil at higher temperatures?

A

Because of the hydrogen bonds

21
Q

Why are smaller alcohols soluble in water?

A

Because of their size, polarity, and hydrogen bonding

22
Q

What are larger alcohols?

A

Less soluble in water and good solvents

23
Q

Why is alcohol added to gasoline?

A

To reduce harmful emissions

24
Q

What is an old method for creating methanol?

A

Breaking down cellulose found in wood

25
Q

What is the new method for creating methanol?

A

Reacting methane with steam under high pressure

26
Q

How is ethanol prepared?

A

By fermenting sugars from starch like grains

27
Q

What are primary alcohols?

A

Alcohols in which the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group is bonded to 1 other carbon atom

28
Q

What are secondary alcohols?

A

Alcohols in which the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group is bonded to 2 other carbon atoms

29
Q

What are tertiary alcohols?

A

Alcohols in which the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group is bonded to 3 other carbon atoms

30
Q

What are polyalcohols?

A

Alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group

31
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

Eliminating of atoms from adjacent carbon atoms in an organic molecule in alcohols

32
Q

What is dehydration?

A

A type of elimination reaction where a hydrogen and hydroxide molecule is taken

33
Q

What is dehydrohalogenation?

A

A type of elimination reaction where a hydrogen and a halogen is removed from an alcohol by using a hydroxide

Chemistry 30 (25 decks)

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