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Chemistry 30 > 9.1 Fossil Fuels > Flashcards

9.1 Fossil Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The major branch of chemistry that deals with compounds of carbon

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2
Q

What does organic chemistry exclude?

A

Oxides (CO2) and ionic compounds of carbon based ions

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3
Q

What are examples of carbon based ions

A

Carbonate, Cyanide, and carbide ions

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4
Q

What is the major source of carbon compounds?

A

Still living or previously living things such as plants, animals, and fossil fuels

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5
Q

What are examples of nonrenewable sources of fossil fuels?

A

Coal, Oil sands, heavy oil, crude oil, natural gas

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6
Q

What is the primary source of hydrocarbons?

A

Non-renewable sources of fossil fuels

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7
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds containing carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen ions

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8
Q

What are products are hydrocarbons the starting point for?

A

Fuels, plastics, and synthetic fibres

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9
Q

What are the 2 ways hydrocarbons can be obtained?

A

Directly by physically refining oil and natural gas or by further refining

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10
Q

What is refining?

A

The technology that includes physical and chemical processes for separating complex mixtures into simpler or pure components

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11
Q

What type of process does the refining of coal and natural gas use?

A

Physical processes

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12
Q

How is coal refined?

A

By crushing it

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13
Q

How is natural gas refined?

A

It is separated by solvent extraction or by condensation and distillation

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14
Q

What does oil sand refining involve?

A

Chemically enhanced physical process followed by complex mining of bitumen/tar

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15
Q

How is natural gas extracted?

A

Natural pressure underground

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16
Q

How is natural gas chemically processed?

A

Removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide at a gas plant

17
Q

How is natural gas physically processed?

A

Through condensation and distillation

18
Q

What are some uses for natural gas?

A

Heating buildings, source of ethane, propane, and butane

19
Q

How is coal bed methane extracted?

A

Water is extracted allowing the coalbed methane to desorb from coal

20
Q

What is the physical processing of coalbed methane?

A

Water is removed and disposed of

21
Q

What is the chemical processing of coalbed methane?

A

Non-combustibles are removed at a gas plant

22
Q

What are sample uses for coalbed methane?

A

Same as natural gas, also production of hydrogen and methanol

23
Q

How is crude oil extracted?

A

Water or gas is injected underground

24
Q

What is the physical processing of crude oil?

A

Water, sand, and salt removal, then distillation in a tower

25
Q

What is the chemical processing of crude oil?

A

Hydrocracking and catalytic reforming

26
Q

What are uses for crude oil?

A

Gasoline, Jet fuel, Asphalt

27
Q

How is heavy oil extracted?

A

Steam injections underground

28
Q

What is the physical processing of heavy oil?

A

Separation from water, solids, and distillation

29
Q

What is the chemical processing of heavy oil?

A

Heavy oil hydrocracking and catalytic reforming

30
Q

What are uses of heavy oil?

A

Gasoline, Jet fuel, Asphalt (same as crude oil)

31
Q

What is another name for oil sands?

A

Bitumen

32
Q

How are oil sands extracted?

A

Physical mining and in situ steam or hot water injection

33
Q

What is the physical processing of oil sands?

A

Hot water extraction and flotation, centrifugation, distillation

34
Q

What is the chemical processing of oil sands?

A

Coking, hydrocracking, hydrotreating

35
Q

What is a use of oil sands?

A

Synthetic crude used as crude oil

36
Q

How is coal extracted?

A

Surface and underground mines

37
Q

What is the physical processing of coal?

A

Sorting, crushing and or grinding

38
Q

What is the chemical processing of coal?

A

None or gasification for alternative delivery

39
Q

What is coal used for?

A

Energy for producing electricity

Chemistry 30 (25 decks)

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