9.1/9.2 Flashcards
What is Organic Chemistry?
The branch of chemistry that deals with carbon compounds
What does Organic Chemistry exclude?
Oxides and compounds of carbon based ions
What are examples of non-renewable fossil fuels?
Coal, Oil Sands, Heavy Oil, Crude Oil, Natural Gas
What are Hydrocarbons?
Compounds containing carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
What is the starting point for many for the synthesis of thousands of products?
Hydrocarbons
What is Refining?
The physical and chemical processes for separating complex mixtures into simpler mixtures or pure
What is natural gas primarily made of?
Methane CH4
What is an Alkane?
A class of hydrocarbons that contains only single bonds and only carbon and hydrogen atoms
What do impurities do to raw natural gas?
Make is sour
What does H2S do to raw natural gas?
Forms acidic solutions in contact with water and is deadly
How is natural gas refined?
Natural gas is pumped from the well to gas treatment plant
Water and liquid is removed
Gas reacts with an amine which removes H2S and CO2 which sweetens the gas
The H2S reacts w/ O2 to produce sulfur dioxide where the sulfur is recovered
What are the prefixes for Alkanes?
Methane 1 Ethane 2 Propane 3 Butane 4 Pentane 5 Hexane 6 Heptane 7 Octane 8 Nonane 9 Decane 10
What are homologous series?
A sequence of molecules with similar structure and differing only by repeating amount of units
What are saturated hydrocarbons?
Compounds of carbon and hydrogen only carbon-carbon single bonds with the maximum number of hydrogens to each carbons
What are Structural Isomers?
Compounds with the same chemical formula but differet structures
What are the names for Alkyl branches?
Methyl 1
Ethyl 2
Propyl 3
etc…
What is a branch?
Any group of atoms that form branches on the structures of larger molecules
What is an Alkyl branch?
A branch of consisting of singly bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms
How do you name Branched Alkanes?
1) Identify the longest chain of carbon. The parent chain and number the carbons
2) Identify the branches and their location
3) Write the name (number of location)-(branch name)(parent chain)
What is the formula for Alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with the same chemical formula but with different structures
What are cycloalkanes?
When all the carbon-carbon bonds in cyclic hydrocarbon are single bonds
How are cycloalkanes named?
By placing the prefix cyclo- in front of the alkane name ex. cyclobutane
