92. Abnormal serum calcium

Question 1

what hormones regualte calcium

Answer 1

PTH
Vitamin D
calcitonin

Question 2

net effect PTH on calcium and phosphate

Answer 2

increases calcium
decreases phosphate

Question 3

net effect vitamin D on calcium and phosphate

Answer 3

increases calcium
increases phosphate

Question 4

net effect calcitonin on calcium and phosphate

Answer 4

decreases calcium
decreases phosphate

Question 5

what truggers the release of PTH

Answer 5

low levels of calcium

Question 6

how does PTH influence vitamin d levels

Answer 6

PTH stimulates kidneys to convert to active vitamin D –> calcium and phosphate absorption

Question 7

causes hypocalcaemia

Answer 7

low PTH
- hypoparathyrpid
- hypomagnesia
- overtreatment of hyperthyroid (cincalet)

low vitamin D

increased deposition in bones
- bisphosphonates

CKD (inability to convert to active vit D, calcium bind to retained phosphate)

Pseudohypoparathyroid

Rhabdomyolysis/tumour lysis (ca binds to released phosphate)