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Biology IGSCE > 9 Transport In Animals > Flashcards

9 Transport In Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

circulatory system

A

system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood

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2
Q

single circulation of a fish

A

blood passes through the heart once per complete circuit

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3
Q

double circulation of a mammal

A

blood passes through the heart twice per complete circuit

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4
Q

advantages of double circulation

A

pressure of the blood stays quite high and so it can flow faster around body. allows the seperation of oxygenated and deoxygented blood in the body.

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5
Q

Heart structures (mammals)

A

muscular wall, septum, left and right ventricles, left and right atria, atrioventricular valves, semi lunar valves, coronary arterties

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6
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from your heart

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7
Q

veins

A

carry blood back towards your heart

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8
Q

capillaries

A

allows diffusion of gases and nutrients from blood into the tissue cells

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9
Q

how can the activity of the heart be measured?

A

ECG, pulse rate and listening to the valves closing

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10
Q

effect of physical activity on heart

A

heart and lungs work harder to supply the additional oxygen your muscles demand

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11
Q

CHD - coronary heart disease

A

when hearts blood supply is blocked or interruppted by a build up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries

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12
Q

who is at risk for CHD

A

people with high levels of chloresterol, high blood pressure, family history, diabetes, smoking, being post-menopausal for women and being older than 45 for men

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13
Q

how does diet and exersise effect CHD

A

Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy weight; lowers blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels which can reduce the risk of CHD

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14
Q

relative thickness of ventricles

A

left is thicker than right as it pumps blood all parts of the body, while RV pumps blood to the lungs

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15
Q

thickness of atria to ventricles

A

ventricles are must thicker than atria

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16
Q

importance of septum in heart

A

helps separate the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood

17
Q

how blood travels through heart

A

vena cava –> right atrium –> atrioventricular valve –> right ventricle –> pulmoary valve –> pulmonary artery –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> atrioventricular valve –> left ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta

18
Q

structure of artery

A

thick, muscular, elastic wall (withstand blood flowing at high pressure)
small lumen

19
Q

vein structures

A

thin wall (carries blood that flows at lower pressures than oxygenated blood)
large lumen (more space for blood)
contains valves (prevent back flow of blood)

20
Q

Capillary adaptations

A

One cell thick walls - to maximise diffusion rate
Small lumen - blood flow is slow to maximise exchange process
Semi-permeable wall - to allow diffusion of gases and nutrients
always a dense network - larger surface area larger the rate of diffusion

21
Q

pulmonary artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of your heart to your lungs

22
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Carries oxygenated blood from your lungs to your heart

23
Q

Renal artery (kidney)

A

large blood vesssels that carry blood from your heart to your kidney

24
Q

renal vein (kidney)

A

carries deoxgenated blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava

25
Q

Hepatic

A

relating to liver

26
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

carries blood to the liver from the intestines, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder

27
Q

components in blood

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets

28
Q

red blood cell

A

transport oxygen around the body

29
Q

white blood cells

A

phagocytosis and antibody produciton

30
Q

platelets

A

these clot to prevent blood loss during injury

31
Q

plasma

A

watery fluids that holds all components of blood (RBC, WBC, platelets) digested food (glucose, amino acids, and soluble nutrients), also carries urea, hormones, proteins, and heat energy

32
Q

role of blood clotting

A

prevents blood loss and entry of pathogens

33
Q

lymphocytes

A

antibody produciton

34
Q

phagocytes

A

englufing pathogens by phagocytosis

35
Q

process of blood clotting

A
  1. platelets release chemicals
  2. they cause soluble fibrinogen proteins to convert into insoluble fibrin
  3. an insoluble mesh forms around the wound that traps the RBCs
  4. forming a clot that dries and develops into a scab
36
Q

phagocytosis

A

a process by which one cell engulfs another cell

Biology IGSCE (25 decks)

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