9 Neurological Disorders (Unit 3) Flashcards
neurons
the basic unit of nervous system
Name the parts of a neuron
Cell body
Dendrites
Filamentous axon
Myelin Sheath
What makes the Central Nervous System?
Brain
Spinal cord
What makes the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
12 pairs of Cranial nerves
31 pairs of Spinal nerves
somatic nervous system
a subsection of PNS that controls voluntary muscle action and sensory input
autonomic nervous system
a subsection of PNS that involuntarily control like glands, heart, “Fight or flight” sensation
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Neurological exam X-Ray CT MRI Electrocephalography (EEG) Spinal tap Myelography Angiography
What’s included in a NEUROLOGICAL EXAM?
Pupillary reaction
Reflexes
Person’s oriented to info about themself, place, time
Behavior [that’s not normal to them]
Electroencephalography (EEG)
test that measures the electrical activity of the brain
Spinal tap
procedure in which cerebrospinal fluis is withdrawn and examined
Myelography
radiopaque dye is injected into the SUBARACHNOID SPACE (spinal cord/nerve roots) and looked under X-Ray
Angiography
checking circulation of brain by injecting dye and looking under X-Ray
myelo-
of the spinal cord
angio-
relating to blood vessels or lymph vessels
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
damage to brain function from external source
Causes, Sign/symp, Diagnosis, Prevention on 10/29 (2)
one Diagnosis for TBI
Glasgow coma scale
Epilepsy
CNS disorder characterized by abnormal electrical activity in brain
Causes, Sign/symp, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention on 10/29 (2)
stroke
sudden interruption of blood flow to a part of brain
ischemic stroke
Blood clot/plaque buildup blocks flow in artery in brain resulting in tissue without oxygen
85% of strokes
hemorrhagic stroke
Blood vessel bursts in brain because of high BP, aneurysm, ballooned vessel
15% of stroke
Treatment for ISCHEMIC stroke
Clot-bursting meds
Rehab for speech, physical, cognitive, emotional needs
Treatment for HEMORRHAGIC stroke
Meds to lower BP and control intracranial pressure
Surgery to repair vessel
Rehab for speech, physical, cognitive, emotional needs
Transient Ischemic Attack
Mini stroke (have some sign/symps for few minutes them gone)
Temporary
Pre-cursor to stroke
Meningitis
acute inflammation of the meninges that cover brain and spinal card; Bacterial and viral types
Transmitted via, Sign/symps, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention on 10/29 (3)
Encephalitis
inflammation of brain
Rabies
viral infection of brain
Poliomyelitis/Polio
infection of motor neurons
Shingles
Herpes Zoster
painful inflammation of sensory neurons
Tetanus
muscle rigidity and paralysis
Botulism
muscle weakness and paralysis
avoid honey for kids under 1 yr. old
Reye Syndrome
sometimes occurs in kids after they get a viral infection
Alzheimer’s Disease
most common form of dementia
Risk factors, Sign/symp, Diagnosis, Treatment on 10/29 (4)
What is the only confirmation of Alzheimer’s
autopsy
Multiple Sclerosis
chronic, autoimmune, progressive degenerative disorder of the CS
Risks, Sign/symp, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention
purpose of Antispasmodic meds
to control muscle spasms
purpose of Corticosteroids
to control inflammation
purpose of Antiseizures
suppresses numbness and tingling
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Lou Gehrig’s Disease
terminal illness, progressive loss of motor function
Risk factors, Sign/symp, Diagnosis, Treatment on 10/29 (5)
Parkinson’s Disease
degenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of muscle coordination, control, movement
Risk factors, Sign/symps, Diagnosis, Treatment on 10/29 (5)
Levodopa
a treatment option for Parkinson’s Disease that’s a precursor to Dopamine
