2 Immunity, Inflammation & Disease Flashcards
Immunity
the body’s ability to resist infectious diseases
Antigen
any foreign substance that our body recognizes as foreign and produces an immune response
Antibody
immunoglobulins (aka proteins) that are used by the immune system to target and neutralize antigens
Nonspecific Immunity
the innate immunity that we are born with
It’s immediate but provides short term protection
Specific Immunity
adapted and responds to specific pathogens
the goal of Nonspecific Immunity
to prevent entry and growth by microorganisms
Ways of Non-Specific Immunity
Physical Barriers
Chemical Barriers
examples of Physical Barriers
Intact Skin Mucous Membranes (saliva, tears)
examples of Chemical Barriers
Tears
Sweat
Saliva
they all contain antipathogenic properties
Phagocytosis
leukocytes (white blood cells) engulf and destroy pathogens
What does a fever do?
Slows the growth rate of pathogens and enhances immune reaction
This happens because pathogens work at difference temperatures. Change it, and you mess with the process which is good
Inflammation
Prevents spread of infection
Disposes debris
Aids in repair
Histamine
Main chemical that’s associated with inflammation
Causes redness, heat, swelling, clotting
the goal of Specific Immunity
to provide protection for future exposures to the same pathogen
what are the two types of cells associated with Specific Immunity?
Humoral (B cells)
Cell-Mediated (T cells)
B cells
Humoral
focuses more on bacteria
T cells
Cell-Mediated
focuses more on viruses and other pathogens
What were the 7 types of diagnostic tests discussed in class?
HINT: WEC FACE
Western Blot ELISA Complete Blood Count (CBC) Flow Cytometry Agglutination Reactions C-Reactive Protein Erythrocyte Sedimentation (ESP)
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
a diagnostic test
- If we see an elevated WBC, we will associate it with infection
- If we see a decrease in neutrophils the person is considered at risk for infection
Agglutination Reactions
a diagnostic test used in blood typing that identifies bacterial and viral antibodies/antigens
ELISA
a widely used diagnostic test that detects the presence of antibodies and antigens
Western Blot
a diagnostic test that detects the presence of antibodies
Flow Cytometry
a diagnostic test that counts cells
used for HIV/AIDS to assess to the progression of it
C-Reactive Protein
a diagnostic blood test that detects inflammation
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESP)
a diagnostic blood test that detects inflammation
Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
drug that reduces inflammation
Corticosteroids
reduce inflammation
Imunosuppresives
“calm down” immune system to help slow down its attack on itself
Monoclonal Antibodies
tricks body into thinking there’s antibodies there so system can relax
most autoimmune diseases affect who?
women
the full medical name for Lupus
Systemic Lupic Erythematosus
Scleroderma
“Hard Skin”
Collagen (proteins of connective tissue) overgrow resulting in hard skin
Vasodilatoes
medicine that enlarge blood vessels
Allergy/Hypersensitivity
the immune response to a harmless allergen
Anaphylaxis
Severe reaction
Swelling, rapid/weak pulse, etc.
how many stages of HIV/AIDS are there?
4 (primary, second, third, fourth)
Primary stage of HIV/AIDS
Exposure
Lasts a few weeks
Flu-like symptoms
Second stage of HIV/AIDS
No symptoms but person’s infectious
Lasts about 10 years
Third stage of HIV/AIDS
Symptomatic HIV
Lasts several years
Jaundice, Diarrhea, Fever, Night sweats, Enlarged lymph nodes, Fatigue, Joint pain, Oral infections, Skin problems
Fourth stage of HIV/AIDS
Progression from HIV to AIDS
Has at least one of AIDS-indicator diseases and a CD4 count of <200
