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Human Diseases > 2 Immunity, Inflammation & Disease > Flashcards

2 Immunity, Inflammation & Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Immunity

A

the body’s ability to resist infectious diseases

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2
Q

Antigen

A

any foreign substance that our body recognizes as foreign and produces an immune response

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3
Q

Antibody

A

immunoglobulins (aka proteins) that are used by the immune system to target and neutralize antigens

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4
Q

Nonspecific Immunity

A

the innate immunity that we are born with

It’s immediate but provides short term protection

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5
Q

Specific Immunity

A

adapted and responds to specific pathogens

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6
Q

the goal of Nonspecific Immunity

A

to prevent entry and growth by microorganisms

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7
Q

Ways of Non-Specific Immunity

A

Physical Barriers

Chemical Barriers

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8
Q

examples of Physical Barriers

A 
Intact Skin
Mucous Membranes (saliva, tears)
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9
Q

examples of Chemical Barriers

A

Tears
Sweat
Saliva

they all contain antipathogenic properties

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10
Q

Phagocytosis

A

leukocytes (white blood cells) engulf and destroy pathogens

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11
Q

What does a fever do?

A

Slows the growth rate of pathogens and enhances immune reaction

This happens because pathogens work at difference temperatures. Change it, and you mess with the process which is good

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12
Q

Inflammation

A

Prevents spread of infection
Disposes debris
Aids in repair

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13
Q

Histamine

A

Main chemical that’s associated with inflammation

Causes redness, heat, swelling, clotting

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14
Q

the goal of Specific Immunity

A

to provide protection for future exposures to the same pathogen

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15
Q

what are the two types of cells associated with Specific Immunity?

A

Humoral (B cells)

Cell-Mediated (T cells)

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16
Q

B cells

Humoral

A

focuses more on bacteria

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17
Q

T cells

Cell-Mediated

A

focuses more on viruses and other pathogens

18
Q

What were the 7 types of diagnostic tests discussed in class?

A

HINT: WEC FACE

Western Blot
ELISA
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Flow Cytometry
Agglutination Reactions
C-Reactive Protein 
Erythrocyte Sedimentation (ESP)
19
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A

a diagnostic test

  • If we see an elevated WBC, we will associate it with infection
  • If we see a decrease in neutrophils the person is considered at risk for infection
20
Q

Agglutination Reactions

A

a diagnostic test used in blood typing that identifies bacterial and viral antibodies/antigens

21
Q

ELISA

A

a widely used diagnostic test that detects the presence of antibodies and antigens

22
Q

Western Blot

A

a diagnostic test that detects the presence of antibodies

23
Q

Flow Cytometry

A

a diagnostic test that counts cells

used for HIV/AIDS to assess to the progression of it

24
Q

C-Reactive Protein

A

a diagnostic blood test that detects inflammation

25
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESP)

A

a diagnostic blood test that detects inflammation

26
Q

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

A

drug that reduces inflammation

27
Q

Corticosteroids

A

reduce inflammation

28
Q

Imunosuppresives

A

“calm down” immune system to help slow down its attack on itself

29
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies

A

tricks body into thinking there’s antibodies there so system can relax

30
Q

most autoimmune diseases affect who?

A

women

31
Q

the full medical name for Lupus

A

Systemic Lupic Erythematosus

32
Q

Scleroderma

A

“Hard Skin”

Collagen (proteins of connective tissue) overgrow resulting in hard skin

33
Q

Vasodilatoes

A

medicine that enlarge blood vessels

34
Q

Allergy/Hypersensitivity

A

the immune response to a harmless allergen

35
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Severe reaction

Swelling, rapid/weak pulse, etc.

36
Q

how many stages of HIV/AIDS are there?

A

4 (primary, second, third, fourth)

37
Q

Primary stage of HIV/AIDS

A

Exposure
Lasts a few weeks
Flu-like symptoms

38
Q

Second stage of HIV/AIDS

A

No symptoms but person’s infectious

Lasts about 10 years

39
Q

Third stage of HIV/AIDS

A

Symptomatic HIV
Lasts several years

Jaundice, Diarrhea, Fever, Night sweats, Enlarged lymph nodes, Fatigue, Joint pain, Oral infections, Skin problems

40
Q

Fourth stage of HIV/AIDS

A

Progression from HIV to AIDS

Has at least one of AIDS-indicator diseases and a CD4 count of <200

Human Diseases (13 decks)

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