1 Intro to Disease Flashcards
Disease
a structural or functional change in the body that’s harmful to the organism
What are diseases classified by?
Type
Location/System
Congenital disease
condition in which you are born with
Hereditary disease
condition which has genetic contributors
Degenerative disease
Gets worse overtime
Usually from wear-and-tear
Neoplastic disease
usually refers to cancer
Integumentary disease
usually refers to skin disorders
What are the “Manifestations of Disease”?
Type of Manifestation
Nature of Data
Name of Collection of Results
What does “Type of Manifestation” include?
Symptoms
Signs
Laboratory abnormalties
What is “Nature of Data”?
Patient’s perception
Examiner’s observations
Results of tests or procedures
What are the “Collection of Results”?
Name of Collection of Results
History/Questionnaire
Physical Exam
Lab findings
What’s included in a Physical Exam?
Inspection Palpation Auscultation Percussion Vital Signs
Inspection
Visualization of patient
How does the patient look?
e.g. skin discoloration, paleness, abnormal bulging
Palpation
when we feel for things
e.g. mass in abdomen
Auscultation
refers to listening
e.g. stethoscope to heart
Percussion
“tapping”
e.g. feel/poke around lungs and hear difference between hollow area and solid area
Vital Signs
Heart rate Blood Pressure Temp. (the most accurate is rectal temp.) Pain scale Respiratory rate
Types of Diagnostic Procedures
Types of Imaging Techniques
Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) Radiography/X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasounds
Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)
usually used to evaluate a heart attack; electrical and muscular of heart
Radiography/X-Ray
electromagnetic radiation to view internal structure; various density
Computed Tomography (CT/CAT Scan)
takes images at different points then puts it together
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
uses magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs/tissues
Ultrasounds
uses high frequency sound waves to make images
What is the Course of a Disease?
Name the steps
HINT: PAC TRECS
Prognosis Acute Chronic Terminal Remission Exacerbation Complication Sequela
Prognosis
the predicted course/outcome of disease
Acute
illnesses that usually occur suddenly with short duration
e.g. Cold, flu
Chronic
Onset’s typically slower and lasts at least 6 months
In most cases, a life long disease
Terminal
Will result in death in a short time
Hospice Care/Comfort Care
won’t change outcome of terminal disease, but will make person more comfortable
Remission
A period in which the signs and symptoms of a disease subside
Disease process may go away but not cured
Risk of coming back
subside-they go way/decrease
Exacerbation
A period in which the disease symptoms gets worse/more frequent
Complication
A negative outcome that’s related to the primary disease or the treatment of disease
Sequela
A disease aftermath
Happens down the road
e.g. Have untreated strep throat? May lead to heart problems. In other words, “ A sequela to untreated strep throat is heart problems
What are terms used to “Describe the Occurrence of Disease?
Morbidity Mortality Incidence Prevalence Epidemiology
Morbidity
any departure from a state of well-being
Mortality
an estimate of the population that dies during a specific time period
Incidence
that rate at which a new disease occurs
Prevalence
the % of population with disease at given time
Epidemiology
the study of the occurrence, transmission, distribution and control of diseases
Name the “Risk Factors for Disease”
Environmental Chemical Genetic Physiological Psychological
Name the type of “Treatment for Diseases”
Pharmacologic Surgical Palliative Psychological/Psychiatric Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
Pharmacologic
medication
Surgical
Removing
Repairing
Replacing
Palliative
Any treatment/medicine that’s designed to relieve pain or alleviate a problem. Treatment doesn’t change the underlying cause
e.g. Used with cancer patients and those in the end stages of life
Psychological/Psychiatric
use to support physiological disease or can be primary treatment
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
“natural” treatments
e.g. acupuncture, herbal treatments, massage
