4 Skin Disorders Flashcards
Integumentary
things that cover our body
Integument
the natural covering of an organism or organ
e.g. skin, husk, shell, rind
what does the Integumentary System include?
Skin (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue)
Hair
Nails
Associated gland (sweat glands, etc.)
what are the Functions of the Integumentary System?
Regulates temperature Protects Sense pain Aid in excretion Synthesizes Vitamin D
what are Urea and Uric Acid?
Waste products that we want to eliminate from body. They’re sometimes eliminated through skin via sweat
cynosis
A blue tint that’s seen when there’s a lack of oxygen
considered a “late” sign of a disease
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, often in eyes, caused by impaired liver function or other conditions in which a person has a bile accumulation
erythema
Red
Shows an increase in blood flow and dilation of blood vessels close to the skin’s surface
INFLAMMATION
pallor
Pale Skin
Indication of decreased blood flow
hematoma
BRUISING
Indicated breakdown or blot in skin
black/bluish=more recent
yellow=as it heals
name some of the Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Skin Scrapings [Skin] Cultures DNA Testing Antigens or Antibodies Hypersensitivity Tests Biopsy
Skin Scrapings
when you look at a sample of skin under a microscope
[Skin] Cultures
when you take a sample of an open wound and put it under a microscope
DNA Testing
take sample of blood/saliva and look for genetic markers
Antigens or Antibodies
used to identify the causative agents or organism with an infectious disease
Hypersensitivity Tests
RAST and Skin Prick
used to determine if someone’s allergic to something
Biopsy
Take sample of tissue and look for cancer cells
name the types of Skin Lesions/Skin Abnormalities
Macule Wheat/Hives Papule Vesicle Pustule Ulcer Pruritus
Macule
a freckled, discolored spot
Wheat/Hives
Often associated with allergies and localized edema and can be itchy
can be self made→ scratch skin ad localized inflammation happens
Papule
Pimple like
A raised area
Vesicle
Blister
A fluid filled sac
Pustule
a small, elevated lesion that’s filled with pus
Pus is usually present if there’s an infection the body’s trying to control
Ulcer
an area of skin that has been eroded into the underlying layers of tissue
Pruritus
It’s associated with lesions
Associated with itchiness
name two groups of Infectious Diseases
Viral [skin infections]
fungal [skin infections]
what diseases does Viral Skin Infections include?
Oral Herpes/Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV-1)
Warts
what disease does Fungal Skin Infections include?
Tinea
Candidiasis
Psoriasis
Pressure Ulcers
Oral Herpes
Coldsore
Fever blister
Causes cluster of pain fluid-filled vesicles usually around mouth, that may burn or tingle before appearance
Incurable→ outbreaks triggered by stress, infections, sun exposure, impaired immunity
65% of population has it or has been exposed to it
what is the “Causative Agent” of Warts?
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
what’s the scientific name for Warts?
Verucca Vulgaris
name the Types of Warts
Common warts Plantar warts Flat warts Fillform warts Periungual warts
Common warts
rough, grey/brown in color
Plantar warts
hard patches on feet
Flat warts
Occur on face, arms, legs
Looks like pencil erasers
Fillform warts
Occur on mouth, nose, beard
Looks like little threads sticking out
Periungual warts
Toe nail/Finger nail warts
Rough bumps
*can go away on own or with treatment
what causes Fungal skin infections?
yeast or molds
tinea
ringworm
what the types of TINEA
Tinea Corporis/Ringworm Tinea Pedis/Athlete's Foot Tinea Cruris/Jock Itch Tinea Capitis/Scalp Ringworm Tinea Unguium/Nail Fungus Tinea Barbae/Barber's Itch
Tinea Corporis/Ringworm
Rash that begins as a small area of red, raised spots and papules
rash slowly becomes ring-shaped, with red-colored, raised border and a clearer center; border may look scaly
Tinea Pedis/Athlete’s Foot
Scales and fissures occur on the soles of the feet/between toes
This is the most common TINEA infection and a foul odor usually comes with it
Tinea Cruris/Jock Itch
Red, ring-like areas with vesicles
more common during warmer weather because fungal infections like moisture
Tinea Capitis/Scalp Ringworm
Single or multiple patches of hair loss that may have a black dot pattern, inflammation, scaling, pustules, pruritis
very contagious
Tinea Unguium/Nail Fungus
White patches on nails, eventually turning the nail brown.
Nail thickens, cracks and may be destroyed
*usually occurs in toenails
Tinea Barbae/Barber’s Itch
Deep inflammatory pustules and crusting around hairs
Candidiasis
(only part of information in included on this card
Yeast infection caused by Candida Albicans
Candida species are normal flora (they’re good for us) but cause infection when situations promote overgrowth (like medications, decreased immunity, etc.)
Common cause of diaper rashes and vaginal yeast infection
Thrush
When Candidiasis occurs in mouth and it’s characterized by white patches on tongue
Psoriasis
Chronic autoimmune disease that causes raised, red, scaly patches on skin
Characterized by periods of exacerbations
Many types of it by Plaque psoriasis is the most common.
why does Psoriasis occur
We don’t know. May involve genetics, immune system, environmental triggers (stress, anxiety, medications, injury)
exacerbation
connected to Psoriasis
the increase in severity of a disease
treatment for Psoriasis
Topical medication
Corticosteroids
Phototherapy
Immunosuppressants
treatment for Candidiasis
antifungal meds
how to prevent Candidasis
Keep skin clean/dry
Use antibiotics correctly
Control diabetes
Pressure Ulcer
Bed Sore
An area of skin that breaks down when constant pressure and/or friction is placed against it
some risk factors of Pressure Ulcer/Bed Sore
Impaired mobility
Reduced sensory perception
Incontinence (Lack of control over urination)
how to prevent Pressure Ulcer/Bed Sore
Turn and reposition every 2 hours
Specialty devices that decrease pressure
Good nutrition
Elimination of moisture
