3 Infectious & Communicable Diseases

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

Requires nutrients to survive usually from humans
Needs moisture/warmth, and a certain a pH to thrive/replicate

Question 2

Normal Flora

Answer 2

Microorganisms that provide protection
When in normal levels, can prevent bad microorganisms from replicating

Normal flora from one part of the body is helpful in that one part, but can cause infection in another part

Question 3

Communicable

Answer 3

the ability to be transmitted from one to another; CONTAGIOUS

Question 4

Infectious

Answer 4

when a disease is caused by a microorganism or pathogen

Question 5

Endemic

Answer 5

Disease is expected in a certain area or among certain people

Question 6

Epidemic

Answer 6

When the actual number of cases exceed the expected number of cases at a particular time

e.g. Expect 5 cases this year, but we see 10

Question 7

Pandemic

Answer 7

disease is prevalent over whole country or world

Question 8

name the Chains of Infection

Answer 8

HINT: I Recently Exited Michigan Entering Silence

Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Route of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Route of Entry
Susceptible host

Question 9

Infectious Agent

Answer 9

the first “Chain of Infection”

The pathogen

Question 10

Reservoir

Answer 10

the second “Chain of Infection”

The host; whatever provides the environment for the pathogen
-the host is usually considered contagious

Question 11

Route of Exit

Answer 11

the third “Chain of Infection”

How the disease transmits from reservoir to somewhere

common exits: mucus membranes of eyes, nose; vagina, etc.

Question 12

Mode of Transmission

Answer 12

the fourth “Chain of Infection”

Ways for pathogens to move from exit to entrance

Question 13

Direct Contact

Answer 13

a “Mode of Transmission”

Skin to skin, exchanged body fluids

Question 14

Indirect Contact

Answer 14

a “Mode of Transmission”

usually FOITES, objects which are likely to carry infection; pathogens will stay for a finite time

Question 15

Vector borne

Answer 15

a “Mode of Transmission”

usually insects; carry pathogen from infected person to non-infected

Question 16

Airborne

Answer 16

a “Mode of Transmission”
an “Indirect Transmission”

Occurs when a infected individual sprays pathogens into air (by coughing, sneezing) and another person breathes it in
-some disease can stay in the air for a long time

Question 17

Route of Entry

Answer 17

the fourth “Chain of Infection”

How the disease is received from reservoir

Question 18

Susceptible host

Answer 18

the fifth “Chain of Infection”

someone with poor nutrition, weak immune system, etc.

Question 19

what are the five stages of disease

Answer 19

Incubation/Latent
Prodromal Stage
Acute Stage
Declining Stage
Convalescent Stage

Question 20

Incubation/Latent

Answer 20

Beginning stage of infectious disease.
Starts at first contact with pathogen.
The interval between exposure and first appearance of symptoms.
Doesn’t mean you’re not contagious.

Question 21

Prodromal Stage

Answer 21

Interval between earliest symptoms and appearance of a rash or elevated temperature

Question 22

Acute Stage

Answer 22

Symptoms peak, patient feels the worst.

Continues to be contagious.

Question 23

Declining Stage

Answer 23

Characterized by lessening of symptoms.

Patient may wish to resume normal activities.

Question 24

Convalescent Stage

Answer 24

The recovery period.
Begins when disease symptoms disappear.
Continues until patient has regained full strength and has returned to normal health state.

Question 25

Vaccines

Answer 25

Stimulates our immune system to produce antibodies without actually infecting us with the disease

Typically contains a modified form of the pathogen (either killed or attenuated/weakened)

Question 26

Prophylaxis

Answer 26

action taken to prevent disease, especially by specific means or against a specific disease

Question 27

Disease Reporting and Surveillant

Answer 27

monitoring disease

Question 28

Disease Notification/Partner Notification

Answer 28

letting someone know they’ve been potentially exposed to specific disease

Question 29

examples of Vector-borne Diseases

Answer 29

Malaria
Dengue Fever
Lyme Disease
Ebola Virus

Question 30

Vectors

Answer 30

Organisms (like mosquitos and ticks) that transmit pathogens from one infected person/animal to another

-responsible for 17% of global burden of infectious diseases