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Human Diseases > 7 Cardiovascular Disorders (Unit 2) > Flashcards

7 Cardiovascular Disorders (Unit 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Auscultation

A

refers to listening

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2
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

How we listen to the electrical activity of the heart’s actions

Useful in evaluating heart attack

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3
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Ultrasound showing how heart muscle, valve, and blood flow are working

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4
Q

Stress test

A

Evaluating heart’s response to activity, then how it returns to normal

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5
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Procedure in which a long thin tube is inserted into artery or vein in groin, neck or arm and threaded through BLOOD VESSELS to heart

Can be done after heart attack or during suspected heart attack

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6
Q

Angiocardiography

A

Person’s injected with radiopaque substance then X-Ray. Dye helps make vessels more clear

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7
Q

Coronary Arteriography

A

Procedure in which catheter with contract dye is threaded through artery from groin, neck or arm to CORONARY ARTERIES

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8
Q

Normal Heart Rate

A

60-100

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9
Q

tachycardia

A

heart rate over 100 bpm; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia

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10
Q

bradycardia

A

heart rate under 60 bpm; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia

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11
Q

What can EKG patterns reveal?

A 
Heart attack
Lack of blood flow to heart
Heart failure
Arrhythmia
Cardiomyopathy
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12
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Problem with rate or rhythm of heartbeat

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13
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of heart muscle that makes it harder for heart to pump blood to body

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14
Q

cholesterol

A

Waxy substance found in all cell membranes that’s transported throughout the body via lipoprotein

sometimes we have too much especially of the bad kind

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15
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

Abnormal high concentration of fats/lipids in blood

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16
Q

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

A

“healthy cholesterol”

Ideal amount: more than 50 mg/dl

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17
Q

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

A

“lousy cholesterol” which causes formation of plaque

Ideal amount: 70-130 mg/dl

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18
Q

Triglycerides

A

Fat we see in arteries
Related to dietary consumption of fat

Ideal amount: 10-150 mg/dl

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19
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

When artery walls become thick, hard, inflexible

  • Partially due to calcium deposits
  • Goes hand-and-hand with atherosclerosis
  • Leads to high BP
  • Major risk is smoking
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20
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

The thickening, narrowing, hardening of arteries due to fatty streaks and plaque formation

Risk factors, Signs/Symps, Treatment on 10/7 (3)

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21
Q

Plaque

A

Accumulation of lipids and formation of scan tissue in vessel

As increases, artery narrows, blood flow is reduced

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22
Q

Hypertension

A

High BP

Signs/Symps, Risk factors, Treatment on 10/7 (3)

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23
Q

Blood Pressure

A

measure of force of blood vessels against vessel walls

[Systolic (contraction)] / [Diastolic (relaxation)]

24
Q

Normal adult BP

A

below 120/80 mmHg

25
Q

Prehypertension

A

120/80 to 139/89 mmHg

26
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

140/90 to 159/99 mmHg

27
Q

Stage 2 hypertension

A

160/100 mmHg

28
Q

Average adult Sodium Intake recommendation

A

below 2300 mg per day

29
Q

Adult at risk Sodium Intake recommendation

A

below 1500 mg per day

30
Q

who’s at risk for high Sodium Intake?

A

African americans
50 yrs or older
Co-existing condition like diabetes

31
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A

Reduced coronary blood flow

Leading cause of death globally

Risk factors, Complications, Treatment on 10/7 (4)

32
Q

Angina

A

Severe chest pain spreading to shoulders, arms, neck caused by lack of blood supply to heart

Symptom of Coronary Heart Disease

33
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Blockage in coronary arteries causing cardia ischemia and can lead to tissue death

Signs/symps, Diagnosis, Treatment

34
Q

another name for Myocardial Infarction

A

Heart attack

35
Q

ischemia

A

Lack of blood supply to organ or part of body

36
Q

Angioplasty

A

Procedure to restore blood flow through artery

37
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft

A

Blood vessels from part of body is connected to BV above/below narrowed artery, going around narrowed/blockage coronary arteries

38
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Condition in which heart becomes weak, enlarged and/or rigid

Risk factors, Signs/symps, Treatment

39
Q

edema

A

swelling

40
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Most common

Associated with Congestive Heart Failure

41
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A

Most common cause of sudden cardia death in young people because they don’t know they have it until they’re in the hospital or dead

42
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

Least common

Scarring in ventricle

43
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

CHRONIC and progressive heart failure, causing reduction in ability to pump blood

Risk factors, Signs/symps, Diagnosis, Treatment on 10/7 (5)

44
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

when there’s fluid in lungs

45
Q

Diuretics

A

Causes increase passing of urine to help excrete fluids

46
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis

A

Blood clot formation in deep, vein, usually in legs

Risk factors, Signs/symps, Prevention

47
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blood clot in lungs

Complication in DVT

48
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Blood thinners

One of three treatments for DVT

49
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Medicine goes to site of block and breaks it up

One of three treatments for DVT

50
Q

Thrombectomy

A

Procedure in which the site of the clot is removed

One of three treatments for DVT

51
Q

Cardiac Arrhythmias

A

Group of abnormal heart rhythms

52
Q

Atrial fibrillation/”A Fib”

A

Uncoordinated contraction of atria; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia

most common; makes person at risk for blood clots

53
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation/ “V Fib”

A

Uncoordinated contraction of ventricle; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia

life threatening and leads to Cardiac arrest

54
Q

Heart block

A

Atria and ventricle contact without coordination; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia

55
Q

anemia

A

Extremely low # of RBC leading to reduce delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissue

Causes, Sign/symp, Risk factors, Treatment on 10/7 (6)

56
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia

A

most common form of anemia

Human Diseases (13 decks)

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