7 Cardiovascular Disorders (Unit 2) Flashcards
Auscultation
refers to listening
Electrocardiogram
How we listen to the electrical activity of the heart’s actions
Useful in evaluating heart attack
Echocardiogram
Ultrasound showing how heart muscle, valve, and blood flow are working
Stress test
Evaluating heart’s response to activity, then how it returns to normal
Cardiac catheterization
Procedure in which a long thin tube is inserted into artery or vein in groin, neck or arm and threaded through BLOOD VESSELS to heart
Can be done after heart attack or during suspected heart attack
Angiocardiography
Person’s injected with radiopaque substance then X-Ray. Dye helps make vessels more clear
Coronary Arteriography
Procedure in which catheter with contract dye is threaded through artery from groin, neck or arm to CORONARY ARTERIES
Normal Heart Rate
60-100
tachycardia
heart rate over 100 bpm; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia
bradycardia
heart rate under 60 bpm; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia
What can EKG patterns reveal?
Heart attack Lack of blood flow to heart Heart failure Arrhythmia Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmia
Problem with rate or rhythm of heartbeat
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of heart muscle that makes it harder for heart to pump blood to body
cholesterol
Waxy substance found in all cell membranes that’s transported throughout the body via lipoprotein
sometimes we have too much especially of the bad kind
hyperlipidemia
Abnormal high concentration of fats/lipids in blood
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
“healthy cholesterol”
Ideal amount: more than 50 mg/dl
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
“lousy cholesterol” which causes formation of plaque
Ideal amount: 70-130 mg/dl
Triglycerides
Fat we see in arteries
Related to dietary consumption of fat
Ideal amount: 10-150 mg/dl
Arteriosclerosis
When artery walls become thick, hard, inflexible
- Partially due to calcium deposits
- Goes hand-and-hand with atherosclerosis
- Leads to high BP
- Major risk is smoking
Atherosclerosis
The thickening, narrowing, hardening of arteries due to fatty streaks and plaque formation
Risk factors, Signs/Symps, Treatment on 10/7 (3)
Plaque
Accumulation of lipids and formation of scan tissue in vessel
As increases, artery narrows, blood flow is reduced
Hypertension
High BP
Signs/Symps, Risk factors, Treatment on 10/7 (3)
Blood Pressure
measure of force of blood vessels against vessel walls
[Systolic (contraction)] / [Diastolic (relaxation)]
Normal adult BP
below 120/80 mmHg
Prehypertension
120/80 to 139/89 mmHg
Stage 1 hypertension
140/90 to 159/99 mmHg
Stage 2 hypertension
160/100 mmHg
Average adult Sodium Intake recommendation
below 2300 mg per day
Adult at risk Sodium Intake recommendation
below 1500 mg per day
who’s at risk for high Sodium Intake?
African americans
50 yrs or older
Co-existing condition like diabetes
Coronary Heart Disease
Reduced coronary blood flow
Leading cause of death globally
Risk factors, Complications, Treatment on 10/7 (4)
Angina
Severe chest pain spreading to shoulders, arms, neck caused by lack of blood supply to heart
Symptom of Coronary Heart Disease
Myocardial Infarction
Blockage in coronary arteries causing cardia ischemia and can lead to tissue death
Signs/symps, Diagnosis, Treatment
another name for Myocardial Infarction
Heart attack
ischemia
Lack of blood supply to organ or part of body
Angioplasty
Procedure to restore blood flow through artery
Coronary artery bypass graft
Blood vessels from part of body is connected to BV above/below narrowed artery, going around narrowed/blockage coronary arteries
Cardiomyopathy
Condition in which heart becomes weak, enlarged and/or rigid
Risk factors, Signs/symps, Treatment
edema
swelling
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Most common
Associated with Congestive Heart Failure
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Most common cause of sudden cardia death in young people because they don’t know they have it until they’re in the hospital or dead
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Least common
Scarring in ventricle
Congestive Heart Failure
CHRONIC and progressive heart failure, causing reduction in ability to pump blood
Risk factors, Signs/symps, Diagnosis, Treatment on 10/7 (5)
Pulmonary edema
when there’s fluid in lungs
Diuretics
Causes increase passing of urine to help excrete fluids
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Blood clot formation in deep, vein, usually in legs
Risk factors, Signs/symps, Prevention
Pulmonary embolism
Blood clot in lungs
Complication in DVT
Anticoagulants
Blood thinners
One of three treatments for DVT
Thrombolytics
Medicine goes to site of block and breaks it up
One of three treatments for DVT
Thrombectomy
Procedure in which the site of the clot is removed
One of three treatments for DVT
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Group of abnormal heart rhythms
Atrial fibrillation/”A Fib”
Uncoordinated contraction of atria; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia
most common; makes person at risk for blood clots
Ventricular Fibrillation/ “V Fib”
Uncoordinated contraction of ventricle; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia
life threatening and leads to Cardiac arrest
Heart block
Atria and ventricle contact without coordination; a type of Cardiac Arrhythmia
anemia
Extremely low # of RBC leading to reduce delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissue
Causes, Sign/symp, Risk factors, Treatment on 10/7 (6)
Iron-deficiency anemia
most common form of anemia
