5 Respiratory Disorders (Unit 2) Flashcards
What makes the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Lung Alveoli Capillaries
Diagnostic Test and Procedures
Auscultation
Percussion
Bronchoscopy
Sputum Analysis
auscultation
refers to listening
percussion
“tapping”
Feel/poke around lungs and hear difference between hollow and solid area
bronchoscopy
procedure in which a bronchoscope is passed through nose or mouth, down throat, into lungs [and other air passages] for inspection
bronchoscope
thin tube used to examine lungs
sputum analysis
Take sputum culture (the liquid/mucus in your lungs) under microscope
Used to assess for respiratory infections. (e.g. test person with pneumonia so they’re prescribed the right meds)
Pulmonary Function Tests
Spirometry Peak [Expiratory] Flow Pulse oximetry Arterial blood gases Chest X-ray
Spirometry
calculates how much you can inhale
Peak [Expiratory] Flow
calculates how much you can exhales
usually for people with asthma
Pulse oximetry
Non-evasive way of measuring how well person’s being oxygenated
usually on pointer finger while someone’s in hospital
Arterial blood gases
Evaluate oxygen in artery by assessing pH levels and CO2 levels
take blood from artery
Chest x-ray
evaluate for cancer, pneumonia, pneumothorax (a collapsed lung), etc.
Abnormal breathing sounds
Wheezing
Crackles
Pleural rub
Wheezing
High-pitched, continuous, whistling
Caused by airway secretions and narrowing of airways
Crackles
Brief, discontinuous, popping lung sounds
Caused by air secretions and airways opening due to two compartments of gas pressuring equalizes
Pleural rub
Creaking sound similar to walking on fresh snow.
Caused by decreased lubrication causing the two pleura to rub against each other
Upper Respiratory Diseases
Common cold Allergic Rhinitis Sinusitis Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Laryngitis
Common cold
Virus, affects upper respiratory tract causing runny nose, sore throat, itchy eyes, congestion
Allergic Rhinitis
Caused by allergy usually in air or environment
can be seasonal like pollen
(Symptoms, Tests, Treatment 9/28 pg. 3)
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinus [cavity]
can be acute or chronic
(Symptoms, Tests, Treatment 9/28 pg. 3)
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of tonsils causing sore throat, difficulty swallowing, tender lymph nodes (located in neck)
(Symptoms, Tests, Treatment 9/28 pg. 3)
Pharyngitis
Sore throat
Symptoms, Tests, Treatment 9/28 pg. 3
Laryngitis
Inflammation of larynx (voice box)
more info 9/28 pg. 3
influenza/flu
Contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza virus
Symptoms, Tests, Treatment, Prevention 9/28 pg. 3/4
pneumonia
Infection of one or both lungs, typically bacterial or viral in origin
(Risk factors, Symptoms, Tests/Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention 9/28 pg. 4)
tuberculosis
Contagious infection of the lung, bacterial in origin (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
(Transmission, Risk factors, Signs/Symp., Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention 9/28 pg.4/5)
Emphysema, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic, progressive disease in which the alveoli are destroyed resulting in less lung elasticity
(Risk factors, Signs/Symps., Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention 9/28 pg. 5)
asthma
Chronic condition in which bronchial tubes swell and narrow in response to some stimuli
(Risk factors, Signs/Symps., Triggers, Treatment, Prevention 9/28 pg. 6)
cystic fibrosis
Hereditary condition affecting the exocrine glands of the lugs and pancreas causing excessive mucous production
(Risk factors, Signs/Symps., Diagnosis, Treatment, 9/28 pg. 5)
