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BIOL 1105 > 9: Energy from Organic Molecules II > Flashcards

9: Energy from Organic Molecules II Flashcards

Module 2, Lesson 3

1
Q

In the first three stages of aerobic cellular respiration, each glucose molecule is oxidized to form…

(4 items)

A

6 molecules of carbon dioxide
4 molecules of ATP
10 molecules of NADH
2 molecules of FADH2

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2
Q

The fourth stage of cellular respiration is the…

A

Electron transport chain (ETC) and chemiosmosis

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3
Q

The majority of the ATP synthesized from glucose oxidation is made via…

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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4
Q

The cell’s predominant method of synthesizing ATP from glucose is…

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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5
Q

The electron transport chain involves the…

A

Orderly extraction of energy from electrons

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6
Q

True or false:

The ETC enables the cell to extract all the energy from electrons at once.

A

False

Like respiration of glucose, the ETC occurs over several steps.

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7
Q

Once all their energy has been extracted, electrons are transported to the…

A

Final electron acceptor

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8
Q

During aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is…

A

Molecular oxygen

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9
Q

True or false:

The electron transport chain directly produces ATP.

A

False

The electron transport chain produces a proton gradient, which is then used to produce ATP.

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10
Q

The electron transport chain involves a series of ____ and ____.

A

Membrane-bound protein complexes and lipid-soluble electron carriers.

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11
Q

The electron transport chain occurs in the…

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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12
Q

The ETC includes three ____ that harvest energy from electrons and pass the lower-energy electrons onward.

A

Transmembrane enzyme complexes

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13
Q

The transmembrane protein complexes use the energy from electrons to…

A

Pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space.

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14
Q

The ETC ensures that there are ____ protons in the intermembrane space than in the matrix.

A

More
(greater concentration)

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15
Q

List the three transmembrane enzyme complexes.

A
  1. NADH dehydrogenase
  2. bc1 complex
  3. Cytochrome oxidase complex
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16
Q

After harvesting energy, NADH dehydrogenase transfers electrons to…

A

A lipid-soluble electron carrier
(abbreviated “Q”)

17
Q

The lipid-soluble elctron carrier “Q” transfers electrons to…

A

the bc1 complex

18
Q

The bc1 complex transfers electrons to…

A

Cytochrome C

19
Q

Cytochrome C transfers electrons to…

A

the cytochrome oxidase complex

20
Q

At the end of the electron transport chain, molecular oxygen is reduced to form…

A

1 molecule of water

21
Q

True or false:

The electrons in FADH2 only pass through two of the transmembrane complexes.

A

True

22
Q

Which transmembrane enzyme complex does FADH2 electrons skip?

A

NADH dehydrogenase

23
Q

Instead of giving its electrons to NADH hydrogenase, FADH2 transfers them to…

A

Ubiquinone

24
Q

The purpose of the electron transport to chain is to…

A

Create a proton concentration gradient

25
Q

The purpose of chemiosmosis is to…

A

Produce ATP by moving protons

26
Q

The proton concentration gradient represents…

A

Potential energy

27
Q

The force created by the proton gradient is similar to that created by…

A

Osmosis

28
Q

ATP formation during chemiosmosis is driven by the ____ force.

A

Proton-motive

29
Q

True or false:

The inner mitochondrial membrane is relatively impermeable to ions.

A

True

This is why protons require assistance to cross it.

30
Q

____ moves protons across the inner membrane.

A

ATP synthase

31
Q

The movement of protons across the inner membrane during chemiosmosis is an example of…

A

Facilitated diffusion

32
Q

During chemiosmosis, protons are moved ____ their concentration gradient.

A

Down

33
Q

ATP synthase is made up of a ____ connected to a ____.

A

Membrane-bound channel protein ; enzymatic head portion

34
Q

1 ATP molecule is produced for every ____ protons.

A

Four

35
Q

The electrons from one molecule of FADH2 can power the movement of ____ protons.

A

Six

36
Q

Each FADH2 molecule has enough energy to produce ____ ATP molecules.

A

1.5

37
Q

The electrons from one NADH molecule can power the movement of ____ protons.

A

Ten

38
Q
A

BIOL 1105 (9 decks)

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